纵隔囊性病变的CT与MRI诊断

目的：探讨纵隔囊性病变的CT、MRI诊断及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性总结30例经手术、病理确诊的纵隔囊性病变的CT及MRI表现，包括胸腺囊肿7例，囊性畸胎瘤8例，气管、支气管囊肿9例，食管囊肿4例，囊性淋巴管瘤2例。结果：不同纵隔囊性病变均有其较特定的发病部位。7例胸腺囊肿中6例位于前上纵隔的胸腺区，1例位于前纵隔中下部；8例囊性畸胎瘤主要位于前纵隔中部、大血管起始处；9例气管、支气管囊肿位于中上纵隔，气管、支气管右旁区；4例食管囊肿，其中3例位于后纵隔，1例位于中纵隔；2例囊性淋巴管瘤，其中1例为颈纵隔型，1例为颈一腋纵隔型。结论：纵隔囊性病变虽无明显特征性影像学表现，仔细观察CT与MRI征象特点，结合发病部位，对提高本病的诊断具有重要意义。

CT and MRI diagnosis of cystic lesion in the mediastinum

Objective:To study the CT and MRI diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal cystic lesions.Methods:30 cases of mediatinal cystic lesions were examined by CT and MRI scans, all cases were confimed by surgical and pathological findings.This group included following diseases:thymic cyst(n=7),cystic teratoma(n=8),tracheal and bronchial cyst (n=9),esophageal cyst (n=4) and lymphangioma (n=2).Results:Different kind of mediastinum cysts had different location.Of 7 thymic cysts,6 were at anterior superior mediastinum in thymic region,1 was at anterior mediastinum in middle and lower region;8 cystic teratomas were at anterior mediastinum in middle region near the origin of the great vessels;9 tracheal and bronchial cysts were at middle mediastinum,near the tracheal and bronchial region;as for 4 esophageal cysts,3 were at posterior mediastinum;1 was at middle mediastinum;of 2 lymphangiomas one was cervico mediastinal type,another was cervico axillary mediastinal type.Conclusion:There is no pathognomoic imaging features for mediastinal cystic lesions.However,it is very important to improve the diagnosis of these lesions when their CT and MRI features are carefully analyzed in combination with their location.