孕期低强度游泳运动对哺乳期过度喂养子代肥胖大鼠生长发育和糖脂代谢的影响

目的:探究孕期低强度游泳运动对哺乳期过度喂养子代大鼠(OF大鼠)生长发育和糖脂代谢的影响,为孕期体力活动指导提供理论依据。方法:80只SD雌性大鼠妊娠后第3天,随机选取22只母鼠孕期游泳运动(10min/day,6 days/week)至分娩结束,其余58只安静至分娩。全部母鼠分娩后第2天随机调整每窝子鼠喂养数目为4只或10只,最终获得子代大鼠实验分组为孕期安静+哺乳期正常喂养模型对照组(CNC,n=16窝,10只/窝),孕期安静+哺乳期过度喂养对照组(CSC,n=15窝,4只/窝)和孕期游泳运动+哺乳期过度喂养组(ESC,n=22窝,4只/窝)。生理发育指标检查出生后第7天(d7)张耳、d11出牙、d12开眼;神经行为发育指标检查d7断崖回避反射,d14平面翻正反射、d14负向地性反射、d14嗅觉定向和d21避暗试验、d21自主活动;血糖和血脂采用酶化学法,血胰岛素采用放射免疫法。结果:ESC组出生后d14负向地性反射、d21记忆行为和d21自主活动次数显著高于CSC组;ESC组和CSC组的摄乳量、体重、Lee指数、内脏脂肪垫体重比、血清胰岛素、瘦素和TC均显著高于CNC组,但ESC组和CSC组组间比较无显著差异;三组母鼠的血清和乳汁中瘦素、胰岛素水平均无显著差异。结论:哺乳期过度喂养可致OF大鼠具有肥胖表型;以增加母鼠孕期体力活动水平为目的的低强度游泳运动对子代OF大鼠的神经反射、记忆行为和自主活动水平下降有一定的预防效果,但对过度喂养所致子代大鼠肥胖表型和糖脂代谢异常无显著的预防效果。

Effects of Maternal Swimming during Pregnancy on the Growth Development, Glucose-Lipid Metabolism in the Overfed Obese Offspring

Objective To investigate whether the maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy could influence the postnatal development,metabolism and body composition of their overfed offspring during lactation.Methods Total 80 female SD pregnant rats were enrolled in this study,among which 22 rats began swimming(10min per day,6 days per week)from the 3rd day of pregnancy to delivery and the rest rats kept sedentary till delivery.According to the body weight,the female pups were distributed randomly and assigned to small litters(4 pups)and normal litters(10 pups)on the second day after birth.Finally the offspring pups were divided into three groups during lactation:the pregnancy sedentary and normal litters control group(CNC,n=16 litters,10pups/litter),the pregnancy sedentary and small litters control group(CSC,n=15 litters,4pups/litter)and the pregnancy swimming and small litters group(ESC,n=22 litters,4pups/litter).The indexes of physiological development and neurobehavioral development were observed.The fasting serum glucose and lipids were assayed by enzymatic methods using commercial kits,the fasting serum insulin and leptin were assayed by radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with CSC group,the opposite geotaxis reflex(day 14),memory ability(day 21)and spontaneous motor activity(day 21)of their overfed pups in ESC group were significantly increased.The body weight,milk intake,Lee index,the ratio of internal fat pads to body weight,serum insulin,leptin and TC in both CSC and ESC group were significantly higher than CNC group,but no differences were found between CSC and ESC.There were no significant alternations in leptin and insulin of serum and milk among three groups.Conclusions The nervous reflex,memory ability and the spontaneous motor activity of the rats’ offspring could be enhanced by the maternal pregnancy swimming.However,there was little effects on the body weight phenotype and the metabolic level of their overfeeding pups during weanling.