学龄前儿童行为问题及其影响基因研究

目的 了解太原市学龄前儿童行为问题发生的情况及其特点，并探讨其影响因素，方法 采用Achenbachs儿童行为量表（CBCL）中国标准化版本及自拟的家庭情况调查表，对太原市5所幼儿园共444名儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果 儿童行为问题检出率为10．36％，无性别差异，各问题行为检出率男童以性问题和违纪因子最高，女童以多动，性问题，分裂样，肥胖因子较高，分裂样因子女童高于男童（P＜0．05），男女行为总分差异无显性，但内向分女童高于男童，负向分男童显高于女童；与儿童行为问题有关的因素有父亲吸烟时间，母亲孕期总分，母亲情绪，儿童个人卫生习惯，喜吹零食等。结论 学龄前儿童行为存在性别特点，儿童行为问题可能与教育教养环境有关。

Behavior Problems of Preschool Children and Their Related Factors

Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of behavior problems among preschool children in Taiyuan and their related factors. Methods Parents of 444 children were surveyed with Achenbach' Child Behavior Checklist and self made family situation questionnaire in 5 kindergartens of Taiyuan. Results The prevalence rate of behavior problems among preschool children in Taiyuan was 10.36%, the gender difference was not found. Among 10 behavior factors, boys had more sex and disobey problems, while girls had more behavior problems such as over activity, sex problem, schizoidia and obesity. The prevalence rate of schizoidia was higher among boys than among girls( P <0.05). There was no difference in the total behavior score between boys and girls, but girls had higher intra score, boys had higher extra score. The major factors that contribute to behavior problems of preschool children were number of father smoking years, mother's emotion and the total pregnancy score, child's personal hygienic habits and being fond of snacks, and so on. Conclusion There is gender difference in behaviors of preschool children; these behavior problems are concerned with education and breeding environments.