股神经阻滞用于全膝关节置换术患者术后镇痛的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价股神经阻滞(femoral nerve block,FNB)对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)患者术后镇痛的效果. 方法 检索PubMed、OVID、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆,检索时间从建库至2014年11月.收集在TKA术后使用FNB与患者自控静脉镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)或患者自控硬膜外镇痛(patient-controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)的临床随机对照实验(randomized controlled trial,RCT).采用Cochrane协作网系统评价法评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan5.2软件进行Meta分析评价. 结果 共纳入14项研究,包括1 157例患者,其中FNB组616例,PCIA组380例,PCEA组161例.与PCIA组比较,FNB有效减少了患者术后24 h[加权均数差(weighted mean difference,WMD)=-17.93,95％置信区间(confidence interval,CI)=-27.38～-8.49]及48 h(WMD=-25.70,95％CI:-41.67～-9.74)的吗啡累计消耗量,降低患者术后24 h活动时VAS(WMD=-1.99,95％CI:-3.14～-0.85)(P＜0.05);且FNB组患者术后恶心呕吐比值比(odds ratio,OR)(0.31,95％CI:0.22～0.44)、尿潴留(OR=0.24,95％CI:0.13～0.43,P＜0.05)及头晕的发生率(OR=0.27,95％CI:0.14～0.52)都较低(P＜0.05). 结论 比较PCIA及PCEA,FNB可能是TKA患者术后镇痛的一种更好的选择.

Effectiveness of femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a Meta analysis

Objective To define the efficacy of femoral nerve block (FNB) with epidural and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.Methods We searched the PubMed,OVID,EMBASE,and Cochrane library for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of FNB versus epidural or PCA in patients after total knee arthroplasty.The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2 software.Results Fourteen RCTs with a total of 1 157 patients were included into the final analysis,616 patients received femoral nerve block,380 patients received PCA and 161 patients received epidural analgesia.FNB was found to reduce morphine consumption at 24 h[weighted mean difference(WMD)=-17.93,95％confidence interval(CI):-27.38～-8.49] and at 48 h(WMD=-25.70,95％CI:-41.67～-9.74)(P＜0.05),VAS scores in activity at 48 h(WMD=-1.99,95％CI:-3.14～-0.85) when compared with PCA(P＜0.05).In addition,FNB was found to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting odds ratio (OR)=0.31,95％CI:0.22～0.44 (P＜0.05),retention of urine (0R=0.24,95％CI:0.13～0.43,P＜0.05) and dizziness (OR=0.27,95％CI:0.14～0.52)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with PCA or epidural analgesia,FNB might be a better alternative analgesia technology for patients who underwent TKA.