寒凉类中药材"形、色、嗅、味"特征初步分析

目的:探讨寒凉类中药材的“形、色、嗅、味”等形态学特征.方法:选取118味寒凉药作为研究对象,应用EpiDa-ta 3.02软件建立数据库,应用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果:在形状方面,寒凉中药包括20类,圆柱形占28％,共33例；片状、卵形和块状各有10例,各占8.5％；椭圆形和卷曲状各7例,各占5.9％；圆球形6例,占5.1％；其他形状分布较零散.在颜色方面,共有18种,其中黄棕15例,占12.7％；黄白14例,占11.9％；白13例,占11.0％；灰棕9例,占8.5％；黄绿9例,占7.6％；棕褐7例,占5.9％；黑褐7例,占5.9％；绿、灰褐、棕各有6例,各占5.1％.在气方面,气微的49例,占41.5％;无臭的31例,占26.3％；特异的共15例；占总数的12.7％.在味方面,微苦26例,占22.0％；淡25例,占21.2％；苦24例,占20.3％；甘16例,占13.6％.在质地方面,质脆的34例,占28.8％；质轻的26例,占22％；质硬的25例,占21.2％；质坚实与质韧的均为11例,各占9.3％；质地重、松、硬、滑以及其他的所占比例较小.结论:寒凉中药的形态学特征具有一定规律,以圆柱形、黄色、气微、微苦、质脆者为多,适合进一步挖掘整理.

Preliminary analysis on morphological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in cold property

Objective: To study morphological features of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property, such as shape, color, odor and taste. Method: Totally 118 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property were selected as study objects. Epi-Data 3.02 software was applied to establish a database, and SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Result: In terms of shape, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property were classified into 20 categories. Specifically, there were 33 cylindrical herbs, accounting for 28%; there were 10 flaky, ovate and massive herbs respectively, taking up 8.5%; there were 7 oval and curled herbs, occupying 5.9%; there were 6 sphere herbs, accounting for 5.1%; and other shapes were distributed dispersedly. By color, they were classified into 18 kinds, including 15 cases in yellow-brown color, accounting for 12.7%; 14 cases in yellow-white color, taking up 11.9%; 13 cases in white color, occupying 11.0%; 9 cases in gray-brown color, accounting for 8.5%; 7 cases in dark brown, taking up 5.9%; and there were 6 cases in green, gray and brown colors respectively, occupying 5.1%. By odor, they could be classified into 6 categories, including 49 cases with feeble odor, accounting for 41.5%, 31 cases without odor, taking up 26.3%; 15 cases with specific odor, occupying 12.7%; with respect to taste, there were 26 cases in slight bitter taste, accounting for 22.0%; 25 cases in flat taste, taking up 21.2%; 24 cases in bitter taste, occupying 20.3%; and 16 cases in sweet taste, accounting for 13.6%. In terms of texture, there were 34 cases in crisp texture, taking up 28.8%; 26 cases in light weight, occupying 22%; 25 cases in hard texture, accounting for 21.2%; 11 cases in solid and tough textures, respectively, taking up 9.3%; those in heavy weight and loose, hard, smooth and other textures occupied a small proportion. Conclusion: The morphologic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in cold property show certain regularity. They are mostly cylindrical, yellow, slightly bitter and crisp, with feeble odor. They provide reference for further studies.