过熟综合征的胎盘合胞体细胞超微结构定量研究

应用透射电镜对24 例妊娠40 周后伴胎儿过熟综合征的胎盘合成区和运输区合胞体细胞的微绒毛和线粒体进行体视学测试, 并与足月妊娠生理性过期妊娠胎盘进行对照。结果发现从足月妊娠至生理性过期妊娠, 运输区微绒毛表面积密度、体积密度及表面积逐渐增大, 合成区缩小; 病理性过期妊娠, 则两区均明显变小。线粒体的体密度, 表面积密度及数密度在两区均逐渐增加, 至病理性过期妊娠时则显著缩小, 上述改变以运输区变化显著, 平均体积逐渐增大。表明在病理的情况下, 胎盘合胞体细胞损害主要发生在合成区, 运输区则在此时进行功能代偿。失代偿后则发生病理性过期妊娠及胎儿过熟综合征。

Stereological study on the syncytia in different areas of human placenta in pregnancy with postmaturity syndrome

Syncytial microvilli and mitochondria in synthetic and transport areas of placenta in 24 cases with postmaturity syndrome were stereologically studied. The results revealed that in the period from term pregnancy to physiological prolonged pregnancy the surface area density, the volume density and the surface area of syncytial microvilli in transport area were increased gradually and those in synthetic area were reduced gradually. These stereological parameters were reduced in both areas of the pathological prolonged pregnancy. The surface area density, the volume density and the numerical density of mitochondria in both areas were increased in the period from term pregnancy to physiological prolonged pregnancy, while they were significantly reduced in pathological prolonged pregnancy, especially in transport area. The average volume was increased in both areas. It denotes that the transport area may be a storage area of placental function. The placental syncytial pathological damage comes out mainly in the synthetic area. While the transport area carries out the compensatory function, and if this area is damaged it will result in pathological prolonged pregnancy and postmaturity syndrome.