五类成年女犯的人格特质及相关因素比较

目的:调查五类成年女犯(盗窃、暴力、性、毒品和职务)在人格特质、家庭环境等方面的异同。方法:采用艾森克人格问卷、家庭环境量表和Olson婚姻质量问卷对568名成年女犯施测。结果:(1)五类成年女犯在人格量表外向性上的得分(10.34～11.35),均高于女性常模(9.11),在掩饰性上的得分(12.12～13.39)均低于女性常模(14.22);在家庭环境量表的成功性上的得分(5.11～5.55)和组织性上的得分(5.45～6.09)低于全国常模(分别为:6.80,6.70);在婚姻满意度上的得分(29.56～34.07)低于对照组(37.88)。上述差异均有统计学显著意义(P<0.05-0.001);(2)除职务女犯外,其他四类女犯在神经质、矛盾性上的得分明显高于常模;在亲密度、娱乐性、知识性上的得分明显低于常模;上述差异均有统计学显著意义(P<0.01-0.001);职务女犯在上述因素上的得分与常模之间的差异均没有统计学显著意义(P>0.05);(3)女犯的年龄均集中在26-35岁;其父母的受教育程度主要在初中及以下且母亲的受教育程度低于父亲;80%以上的女犯都评价自己父母的婚姻状况良好;职务女犯比其它类型女犯受教育程度更高、年龄更大、居住地更多集中在大中城市。结论:(1)人格特质上的高外向性和低掩饰性及家庭环境上的低成功性和低组织性以及低婚姻满意度是成年女犯的共性;(2)职务女犯在人格量表的神经质及家庭环境四个分量表上的得分具有与其他女犯显著不同的特点;(3)父母的学历低可能是女性犯罪的重要原因之一。

Personality Traits and Other Related Factors among Five Types of Adult Female Prisoners

Objective: Studying similarities and differences among 5 types of adult female prisoners (theft, violence, sex, poison and duty) on personality traits and family environment. Methods: 568 adult female prisoners were investigated with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version and Enrich Marital Inventory. Results: (a) the 5 types' scores of E were higher while L were lower on EPQ than the female normal; their scores of "achievement orientation" and "organization" were both lower than the Chinese normal; their scores of marital satisfaction were lower than the Chinese controlled group; all the differences above were tested with statistic significant (P<0.05-0.001). (b) Unlike duty female, the other 4 types scored higher on N and "conflict" while lower on "cohesion", "active-recreational orientation", "intellectual-cultural orientation" than the normal, all differences reached statistic significant (P<0.01-0.001); the duty female prisoners scored similar to the normal on the 5 factors above without statistic significant (P>0.05). (c) the prisoners' ages ranged from 26 to 35; usually their parents' education levels were under secondary school levels and mothers' were below fathers'; above 80% of them evaluated their parents' marital relationship good. Duty female prisoners' education levels were higher and they were elder and lived more in cities than the other 4 types. Conclusion: (a) Similarities among all types of adult female prisoners were: high scores of E and low scores of L on EPQ, low scores of "achievement orientation" and "organization" on FES-CV, and low scores of "marital satisfaction" on Olson-ENRICH. (b) Duty female prisoners differed evidently from the other 4 types on N of EPQ and four factors of family environment. (c) Low educational levels of female prisoners' parents may contribute heavily to their crimes.