革兰阴性杆菌临床分离株质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药研究

目的了解质粒介导耐药机制在革兰阴性杆菌临床株对喹诺酮类抗菌药耐药性形成中的作用。方法以PCR方法筛选541株连续分离的所有环丙沙星耐药或中介革兰阴性杆菌中的耐药基因qnrA;以接合试验了解喹诺酮耐药的可转移性;对qnrA阳性株测定氨基糖苷乙酰化酶aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因,分析了gyrA和parC基因的喹诺酮耐药决定区的变异。结果541株革兰阴性杆菌中,7株肠杆菌科细菌qnrA检测阳性,其中4株为阴沟肠杆菌,在不发酵糖菌中未检出qnrA基因。在7株qnrA阳性菌中,4株喹诺酮耐药性可通过质粒转移,接合子对环丙沙星的MIC较受体菌上升12～125倍。4个接合子中环丙沙星MIC较高的2个结合子携带aac(6′)-Ib-cr,7株qnrA阳性临床分离菌中5株耐药决定区gyrA、parC有变异。结论qnrA在肠杆菌属临床分离株中的检出率较高,aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因及靶位改变与qnrA同时存在可能使细菌对喹诺酮类的耐药性进一步上升。

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli

Objective To investigate the importance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in the development of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria.Methods A total of 541 consecutive clinical isolates of gram-negative ba- cilli resistant or intermediate to ciprofloxacin were screened for the qnrA gene by PCR.Conjugation experiments were carried out with azide-resistant E.coli J53 as a recipient.The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected.The mutations in the quinolone-resist- ance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA and parC genes were identified in qnrA positive strains.Results qnrA was identi- fied in 7 of the 541 strains.Among the qnrA positive strains,5 were Enterobacter cloacae.No qnrA was detected in nonfer- menters.Quinolone resistance was transferred in 4 of 7 qnrA positive strains.Transconjugants had 12-to 125-fold increases in MIC of ciprofloxacin relative to that of the recipient.Seven strains contained qnrA with a nucleotide sequence identical to that originally reported.Two transconjugants with higher ciprofloxacin MICs contained aac(6')-Ib-cr gene.Mutations occurred in the QRDR of the gyrA and parC genes in 5 PCR-positive clinical strains.Conclusions Transferable plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance associated with qnrA is highly prevalent in clinical strains of Enterobacter spp.aac(6')-Ib-cr gene and mutations in the quinolone targets may co-exist with qnrA,which may contribute to the further increase of resistance to quinolones.