4~5岁儿童气质特性与行为问题关系的分析

目的:探讨4~5岁儿童气质特性与行为问题关系,为行为问题的预防和干预提供依据。方法:采用《NYLS 3~7岁儿童气质问卷》、Achenhach儿童行为量表(CBCL)及父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU),对佛山市4~5岁468名儿童进行测试。结果:难养型男童的违纪、抑郁与难养型女童的多动、攻击、分裂问题检出率显著高于其他类型;气质各维度因子与一些行为因子存在显著性相关,多元回归分析表明:父亲惩罚、严厉,难养型气质及母亲情感温暖、理解对儿童行为问题有显著预测作用。结论:难养型气质,父亲惩罚、严厉是行为问题的危险因素,母亲情感温暖、理解则是保护因素;应根据儿童的气质特点,积极改善环境,采取适当的教养方法,以有效地防治儿童行为问题。

The relation between the character of temperament and behavior in preschool children

Objective:To investigate the relation between the character of temperament and behavior in preschool children.Methods:The parent temperament questionnaire(PTQ),achenhach's child behavior checklist for parents(CBCL),Egna Minnen av Barndosnau Upfrrtrant(EMBU) were used,468 preschool children aged 4~5 in Foshan city were investigated by random cluster sampling.Results:The incidence of behavioral problems among difficulty types was significant higher than that among other ones.The dimension of different temperament significantly correlated with behavior.Stepwise regression analysis indicated that difficult types had predictive value for behavior problem.Conclusion:The child's education measure should be taken according to the characteristics of their temperament.