火山石加工人员尘肺病发病情况调查

目的 了解火山石加工行业尘肺病发病情况,分析火山石加工与尘肺病发病关系,为制定火山石加工行业尘肺病防控策略提供依据。 方法 对腾冲县所有工商注册登记石材加工户开展火山石加工作业场所的流行病学调查,对接尘劳动者进行职业健康检查,对加工场所空气中粉尘浓度及游离二氧化硅含量进行测定,采用描述性流行病学方法对调查资料进行分析。 结果 共调查工商注册石材加工户228户,生产工人958名,粉尘作业场所游离二氧化硅含量1.14%~7.67%;石材切割岗位4个点空气中粉尘时间加权平均浓度0.01~3.10 mg/m3,平均浓度0.80 mg/m3。完成职业健康体检209户,857人,体检率89.5%,其中男性占85.65%(734/857),女性占14.35%(123/857);年龄最大74岁,最小16岁,平均37.8岁;从事石材加工最长31年,最短7 d,平均4.46年;检出尘肺壹期2人,患病率0.23%(2/857)。 结论 长期接触火山石粉尘可引发尘肺病,应加强石材加工人员尘肺病的防控。

Prevalence of pneumoconiosis among workers processing pelelith

Objective To understand the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among persons processing pelelith,and analyzing the relationship between pneumoconiosis and experience of pelelith processing, so as to provide the scientific evidence to make the specific policies for prevention and control pneumoconiosis. Methods A hygiene survey among all of units which had registered in Industrial and Commercial Bureau was conducted, physical examination was performed among persons who were exposed to the dust of pelelith,and at the same time,the concentration of dust of pelelith and free silica was tested. Results A total of 958 workers from 228 plants registered in Industrial and Commercial Bureau were recruited. The content of free silica ranged 1.14% - 7.67%. The pelelith dust concentration varied from 0.01 mg/m3 to 3.10 mg/m3 in the pelelith cutting sites and the average was 0.80 mg/m3. 857 workers （male 734 and female 123） in 209 registered plants received the physical examination,accounting for 89.5% of total workers. The age of these workers varied from 16 to 74 years old and the mean age was 37.8 years. The time of processing pelelith varied from 7 days to 31 years and the average was 4.46 years. Two cases of pneumoconiosis with I stage were identified and the prevalence rate was 0.23% （2/857）. Conclusion Long-term exposure to pelelith dust may result in pneumoconiosis,and thus,there is a need to strengthen the prevention and control pneumoconiosis among workers processing pelelith.