The effect of long-term microcrystalline chitosan therapy on plasma lipids and glucose concentrations in subjects with increased plasma total cholesterol: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial in healthy men and women

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of microcrystalline chitosan (MCC) on plasma lipids, especially the concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in subjects with a moderately increased concentration of plasma total cholesterol.Methods A total of 130 middle-aged men and women without severe disease and with a total cholesterol of 4.8–6.8 mmol/l and triglycerides below 3.0 mmol/l were randomised into two treatment groups. At the beginning of the 10-month trial, all participants received placebo 1.2 g twice daily during a 1-month run-in period. Subsequently, group 1 first received 1.2 g placebo twice daily for 3 months and then 1.2 g MCC twice daily for 3 months. Correspondingly, group 2 received 1.2 g MCC twice daily during the first and 1.2 g placebo twice daily during the second 3-month period. During the final 3-month follow-up period, both groups received MCC. Altogether, 83 participants completed the study.Results No difference was detected in the change in the LDL-cholesterol concentration between the treatments during the crossover trial (P=0.98 for interaction between time period and treatment group, repeated-measures analysis of variance for crossover design). In an otherwise similar analysis, no differences were detected between the treatments in the concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose.Conclusions Treatment with MCC had no effect on the concentrations of plasma lipids or glucose in healthy middle-aged men and women with moderately increased plasma cholesterol concentrations.