Microplastic exposure and effects in aquatic organisms: A physiological perspective |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy;2. Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell''Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Italy;1. Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway;2. Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;1. Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit – Marine Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium;2. Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;3. Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Avenida de Brasília s/n, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal;4. Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark;5. Aeiforia Srl, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano (PC), Italy;6. Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen University and Research Center, Ijmuiden, The Netherlands;7. Institut de la Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou km 5,5, Sant Carles de la Ràpita E-43540, Spain;1. Cell Biology and Genetics unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria;2. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139 Dortmund, Germany;3. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31 98166, S Agata, Messina, Italy;1. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;2. Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain;3. Laboratory of neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The impact of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic life, given their ubiquitous presence in the water compartment, represents a growing concern. Consistently, scientific knowledge is advancing rapidly, although evidence on actual adverse effects is still highly fragmented. This paper summarizes the recent literature on MP impacts on aquatic organisms in an attempt to link routes of uptake, possible alterations of physiological processes, and outcomes at different levels of biological organization. Animal feeding strategies and MP biodistribution is discussed, alongside with relevant effects at molecular, cellular, and systemic level. Pathways from animal exposure to apical physiological responses are examined to define the relevance of MPs for animal health, and to point out open questions and research gaps. Emphasis is given to emerging threats posed by leaching of plastic additives, many of which have endocrine disruption potential. The potential role of MPs as substrates for microorganism growth and vehicle for pathogen spreading is also addressed. |
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| Keywords: | Microplastic Aquatic animals Tissue distribution Ingestion Physiological effects Plastic leachates |
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