p53-dependent apoptosis in the inhibition of spermatogonial differentiation in juvenile spermatogonial depletion (Utp14bjsd) mice

In adult male mice homozygous for the juvenile spermatogonial depletion (Utp14b jsd) mutation in the Utp14b gene, type A spermatogonia proliferate, but in the presence of testosterone and at scrotal temperatures, these spermatogonia undergo apoptosis just before differentiation. In an attempt to delineate this apoptotic pathway in jsd mice and specifically address the roles of p53- and Fas ligand (FasL) /Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis, we produced jsd mice deficient in p53, Fas, or FasL. Already at the age of 5 wk, less degeneration of spermatogenesis was observed in p53-null-jsd mice than jsd single mutants, and in 8- or 12-wk-old mice, the percentage of seminiferous tubules showing differentiated germ cells [tubule differentiation index (TDI)] was 26-29% in the p53-null-jsd mice, compared with 2-4% in jsd mutants with normal p53. The TDI in jsd mice heterozygous for p53 showed an intermediate TDI of 8-13%. The increase in the differentiated tubules in double-mutant and p53 heterozygous jsd mice was mostly attributable to intermediate and type B spermatogonia; few spermatocytes were present. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining showed that most of these differentiated spermatogonia still underwent apoptosis, thereby blocking further continuation of spermatogenesis. In contrast, the percentage of tubules that were differentiated was not significantly altered in either adult Fas null-jsd mice or adult FasL defective gld-jsd double mutant mice as compared with jsd single mutants. Furthermore, caspase-9, but not caspase-8 was immunochemically localized in the adult jsd mice spermatogonia undergoing apoptosis. The results show that p53, but not FasL or Fas, is involved in the apoptosis of type A spermatogonia before/during differentiation in jsd mice that involves the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. However, apoptosis in the later stages must be a p53-independent process.