早期专科化管理对早产儿生长发育及贫血发生率的影响

目的 分析早期专科化管理对早产儿生长发育和贫血发生率的影响,为早产儿随访管理提供合理依据。方法 随机选取2017年9月—2018年8月在上海市长宁区妇幼保健院分娩,分别在该院儿童保健中心早产儿专科门诊和普通门诊随访的早产儿各60例。研究组实行专人专科化管理,对照组提供常规儿童保健服务,比较两组早产儿在纠正月龄12月龄时体重、身长、头围、追赶性生长和智能发育的情况、铁缺乏和贫血的发生率之间的差异。结果 纠正月龄12月龄时,研究组体重、身长和适度追赶率明显高于对照组(t=2.062、2.810,χ²＝4.675,P＜0.05),两组早产儿头围发育差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);研究组精细动作、应物能、言语能得分明显高于对照组(t=4.158、3.729、4.823,P＜0.05),两组早产儿粗大动作及应人能得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组铁缺乏和贫血的发生率明显低于对照组(χ²=4.093、4.183,P＜0.05)。结论 通过早期专科化管理可促进早产儿体格和智能的发育,并减少缺铁和贫血的发生率。

Effects of early specialized management on the growth and development and the incidence of anemia of premature infants

Objective To investigate the effect of early specialized management on the growth and development of premature infants and the incidence of anemia,so as to provide reasonable basis for the follow-up management of premature infants. Methods In this study,120 premature infants,who were born in Changning Maternal and Infant Health Care Hospital of Shanghai from September 2017 to August 2018,were randomly selected,including 60 infants who were followed up at the special clinic for preterm infants and 60 infants followed up at other clinics in the Child Health Center. Specialized management was implemented in the study group, the premature infants in the control group were provided with routine child health care services. The weight,length,head circumference,catch-up growth,intelligence development,the incidence of iron deficiency and anemia were compared between the two groups at the corrected age of 12 months. Results At the corrected age of 12 months,the weight,length and appropriate catch-up growth rate in the study group were significantly greater than those in the control group (t=2.062,2.810,χ²=4.675,P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in head circumference between the two groups (P>0.05). The scores of fine motor skills,adaptability skills and language behavior in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=4.158,3.729,4.823,P＜0.05). However,there was no significant difference in gross motor skills and social competence between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of iron deficiency and anemia in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (χ²=4.093,4.183,P＜0.05). Conclusion Early specialized management can promote the physical and intelligence development of premature infants,and reduce the incidence of iron deficiency and anemia.