纳米材料诱导细胞自噬的机制和生物学效应

自噬是一种复杂的代谢途径,通过溶酶体降解细胞内过剩的或多余的细胞质组分.另外,自噬是细胞自身调节维持稳态平衡的重要过程,也是细胞的一种防御和应激调控机制.越来越多的研究表明,纳米材料作为机体的外源物质,被生物体摄取后,作为机体对外来物质或有毒物质的一种防御保护反应,会诱导细胞发生自噬.纳米材料引起的自噬具有两面性,一方面可增强机体的自噬清除能力,另一方面也可能引起细胞程序性死亡.这篇综述介绍了机体自然发生的和工程纳米材料诱导自噬发生的机制,全面分析了纳米材料对溶酶体-自噬系统的影响及其生物学效应.

Nanomaterial-induced autophagy: underlying mechanisms and functional consequences

Autophagy,a complex catabolic pathway,is bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components through the lysosome,which provides a highly dynamic quality control mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis,and is also a protective mechanism in response to stress.A growing body of research suggests that autophagy is also activated upon internalization of engineered nanomaterials,most likely as a protective response to what is perceived as foreign or toxic.While activation of autophagy by nanomaterials can lead to enhanced clearance,it may also be associated with activation of cell death programs.This review described the mechanisms of autophagy activation in response to naturally occurring and engineered nanomaterials and provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of nanomaterials on the lysosome-autophagy system and their functional consequences.