Public health implications of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: A decrease in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among older women in Germany |
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Authors: | Perna Laura Haug Ulrike Schöttker Ben Müller Heiko Raum Elke Jansen Eugène H J M Brenner Hermann |
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Affiliation: | a German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germanyb National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)/German Cancer Research Center, (DKFZ), Division of Preventive Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germanyc Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Objective.To compare the public health implications of using unstandardized immunoassay measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations versus using measurements standardized by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) when assessing the prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency in various subgroups of individuals.Method.We standardized immunoassay-based measurements of 25(OH)D with LC-MS/MS in a population-based sample of 5386 women aged 50-74 recruited in 2000-2002 in Germany. We used multivariate regression to assess 25(OH)D determinants and the association of vitamin D deficiency with health status.Results.Prevalences of 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/L (insufficiency) and < 30 nmol/L (deficiency) decreased considerably by standardization. The decrease in vitamin D deficiency (from 64.4% to 17.9%) was particularly strong in March-May among women aged ≥ 65. Independent of season of blood draw and standardization, women ≥ 70 years, obese, or currently smoking had an increased risk of having 25(OH)D levels < 30 nmol/L.Conclusion.The proportion of older women with vitamin D deficiency in Germany is much lower than previously reported, but prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high. Standardization of 25(OH)D values by immunoassay methods to LC-MS/MS equivalent values or direct measurement by LC-MS/MS is indispensable in drawing valid conclusions about the health implications of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. |
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Keywords: | Aging Public Health Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D measurement method Women's health |
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