中药龙胆的形态组织学研究

本文报道九种龙胆:东北龙胆Gentiana manshurica Kitag.,建德龙胆G.manshurica Kitag.ssp.jiandensis J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou(ssp.nov.),粗糙龙胆G.scabra Bunge,三花龙胆G.triflora Pall.,坚龙胆G.rigescens Franch.,头花龙胆G.cephalantha Franch.,亚木龙胆G.suffrutescens J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou(sp.nov),德钦龙胆G.atuntsiensis W.W.Sm.和红花龙胆G.rhodantha Franch.的生药性状与它们的根,根茎、残茎和四种植物的越冬芽的显微特征。根据组织学研究结果,将上述九种生药分为二个型:关龙胆型与坚龙胆型,并发现上述分型与形态分类结果颇为一致。

MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE CHINESE DRUG LONGDAN, RADIX GENTIANAE

Longdan, Radix Gentianae, is a well-known drug. It has been used for clearing up evil heat from liver and gallbladder and removing damp-heat from lower parts of the body in Chinese traditional medicine, and as a bitter stomachic in modern medicine.In order to provide means for the accurate identification of the commercial drugs derived from the following nine plants, viz. Gentiana manshurica Kitag., G. manshurica Kitag. ssp jiandeensis J. P. Luo et Z. C. Lou (ssp. nov.), G. scabra Bunge, G. triflora Pall., G. rigescens Franch., G. cephalantha Franch., G. suffrutescens J. P. Luo et Z. C. Lou, G. atuntsiensis W. W. Sm. and G. rhodantha Franch., morphological and histological studies of the drugs were undertaken. The results showed that all these drugs can be correctly identified by their mophological and histological characters, and keys for the morphological and histological identifications of the drugs are provided.Based on histological findings, the drugs Longdan derived from the above nine species may be divided into two types:A. Gentiana manshurica type--includes the drugs derived from Gentiana manshurica, G. manshurica ssp. jiandeensis, G. scabra and G. triflora. These drugs are characterized by the presence of exodermis, cortex, pith and scalariform vessels, by the absence of xylem fibres in the roots, and by the presence of lignified sclereids in their stems.B. Gentiana rigescens type--includes the drugs derived from Gentiana Tigescens, G. cephalantha, G. suffrutescens, G. atuntsiensis and G. rhodantha. These drugs are characterized by the presence of xylem fibres or phloem fibres, by the absence of exodermis and cortex in their roots as well as lignified sclereids in their stems.The above types divided according to the histological characters are in agreement with the result of taxonomical study.