Periodontal disease in children with Down's syndrome

Abstract – The occurrence of supra- and subgingival calculus, gingival inflammation, periodontal pockets ( 5 mm) and alveolar bone loss was determined in children (10-19 yr) with Down's syndrome (D-S) and in an aged- and sex-matched control group ( n = 39). Of D-S children ( n = 71), 39 of the patients (mean age 15.5 yr) cooperated in a clinical and roentgenologic examination. Alveolar bone loss was determined around incisors and first molars on intraoral radiographs when the distance between cementoenamel junction (GEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) exceeded 2.0 mm. Alveolar bone loss was diagnosed in 39% of the D-S children compared to 3% in the control group ( P <0.001). Of the total number of sites examined on radiographs the distance from CEJ to AC exceeded 2.0 mm in 8% in the D-S group compared to 0.2% in the control group ( P <0.001). The frequency of sites with alveolar bone loss in D-S children was significantly ( P <0.001) higher around the mandibular incisors compared to first molars. The study shows that early signs of periodontitis are frequently seen in D-S children as early as 11 yr of age and the lesions are first diagnosed in the mandibular anterior region.