男性海洛因依赖者认知功能及相关因素研究

目的:评估男性海洛因依赖者(MPHD)记忆力与执行功能,探讨二者可能的影响因素。方法:采用韦氏记忆量表(WMS)与威斯康星分类卡片改良版(M-WCST)对140例MPHD及75例健康对照进行认知功能评估;应用一般情况调查表(自拟)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)对MPHD进行心理评估。结果:①MPHD组WMS与M-WCST测验成绩显著差于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。②MPHD年龄与记忆商数(MQ)及M-WCST大部分指标呈负相关,受教育年限与WMS及M-WCST大部分指标呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);海洛因使用年限、日使用次数、使用方式、中毒次数等与WMS及M-WCST部分指标呈现显著的相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。③SCL-90总分、SDS总分及SAS总分与MQ呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);SAS总分与M-WCST分类正确数呈负相关,与分类错误数及持续性错误数呈正相关(P<0.05)。④戒断前有无“飘”的感觉、SDS总分及受教育年限依次进入记忆力的多元回归方程;SAS总分与使用方式依次进入执行功能的多元回归方程。结论:MPHD记忆与执行功能呈现一定程度的损害,“飘”的感觉、受教育年限、药物使用方式及负性情绪可能是海洛因依赖者认知功能受损的重要因素。

A Study on the Cognitive Function and Related Factors in Male Patients with Heroin Dependence

Objective:To evaluate the memory,executive function and the contributing factors of them in male patients with heroin dependence(MPHD).Methods:140 MPHD and 75 healthy controls were tested for memory and executive function with Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS)and Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(M-WCST)respectively,and 140 MPHD were assessed with a self-developed questionnaire,Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Results:The performances of WMS and M-WCST in MPHD were significantly lower than those in healthy controls(P<0.05 or <0.01).In MPHD;age correlated negatively,while the educated years correlated positively with MQ and most indicators in M-WCST tests.Heroin abuse years and times per day,veinous injection use route and the number of previous heroin acute toxicosis et al were significantly correlated to some indexes reflecting cognitive function(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The total score of SCL-90,SDS and SAS correlated negatively with MQ,and total score of SAS correlated negatively with card number sorted rightly,while positively with card number sorted wrongly and number of persistent error of M-WCST(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The experience of "high" at drug use,total score of SDS and the educational level entered the regression equation for memory.The total score of SAS and heroin abuse route entered the regression equation for executive function.Conclusion:MPHD suffered from abnormal memory and executive function.The experience of "high" at drug use,educational years,heroin abuse route,and negative mood may be responsible for impaired cognitive function in MPHD.