上海市宝山区儿童贫血现况及影响因素调查分析

目的掌握上海市宝山区儿童贫血现况,探讨儿童贫血患病的影响因素,为开展儿童贫血防治工作提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样方法对1所公办小学和1所随迁子女小学共计2225名儿童开展血红蛋白检测、体格检查和问卷调查,采用Logistic回归分析父母受教育程度、贫血家族史、家庭社会经济地位等因素对贫血发生的影响。结果上海市宝山区7~11岁男生、女生贫血率分别为18.6%、18.5%;公办学校儿童贫血率20.6%高于随迁子女学校14.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随年龄增长儿童贫血率呈下降趋势(趋势卡方检验P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,贫血家族史、母亲文化程度为高中/中专/技校、吃甜食和食欲差(P<0.05)是儿童发生贫血的影响因素。结论上海市宝山区儿童贫血率较高需加强监测,建议低年龄段儿童常规体检工作中增加贫血筛查项目。学校、家庭和社会需通力合作,加强健康宣教,倡导均衡饮食,实施儿童贫血防治工作。

Investigation and analysis on prevalence and influencing factors of anemia among children in Shanghai Baoshan District

Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of anemia among children in Shanghai Baoshan district,provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of anemia.Methods A total of 2225 children were selected by cluster sampling method from 1 public school and 1 migrant children school in Baoshan district.Hemoglobin test,questionnaire survey,and physical measurement were conducted.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of parental educational level,family history of anemia,family socioeconomic status on anemia.Results The incidence rates of anemia in boys and girls were 18.6%and 18.5%,respectively.The incidence rates of anemia in public school was 20.6%,which was higher than that in migrant school(14.9%)(P<0.05).The incidence rate of anemia decreased with the increase of age(trendχ2 test P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of anemia,maternal educational level(senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school),dessert,and loss of appetite were influencing factors of anemia(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among children in Shanghai Baoshan district is high,monitoring should be enhanced,anemia screening should be included into routine physical examination among the children in low age,school,family,and the society should cooperate to strengthen health education,balanced diet,prevention and treatment of anemia in children.