不同波长的光照射对视网膜色素上皮细胞生长及其分泌生长因子的影响

背景近视的发病机制是眼科研究的一个热点，近年来发现，由神经视网膜细胞及视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞分泌的细胞因子可能参与近视的发病，RPE细胞因子的分泌功能受光照射的影响，而RPE细胞对不同波长光的吸光度（A）值是不一样的。目的研究不同波长的光照射对人胚RPE细胞增生及其分泌肝细胞生长因子（HGF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bVGF）和转化生长因子-β（TGF—β）的影响，从细胞水平和分子生物学水平探讨近视的发病机制。方法第4～5代人胚RPE细胞置于白光、波长为775nm的红光及波长为480nm的蓝光下照射和培养48h，MTT比色法检测各组人RPE细胞的增生情况，并用透射电子显微镜观察各组传代细胞的超微结构。分别于光照射后12、24、48、72h收集培养液，采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）测定培养基中HGF、bFGF和TGF—β的质量浓度。用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测不同波长光照射24h后RPE细胞中HGFmRNA的表达水平，分析蓝光、红光、白光照射对体外培养RPE细胞的影响。结果蓝光组、红光组、白光组和对照组RPE细胞的A490值分别为0．0218±0．0014、0．0353±0．0025、0．0371±0．0024和0．0445-0．0046。4个组中RPE细胞的增生速度明显不同，差异有统计学意义（F=12．579，P〈0．05），蓝光组和红光组A490值均明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（t=2．043、t=2．024，P〈0．05）。ELISA结果显示人胚RPE细胞可以分泌HGF、bFGF和TGF-β，在受到不同波长的光照射后，不同时间点HGF、bFGF和TGF—β的分泌量不同，随着时间的变化，4个组HGF、TGF—β的质量浓度均逐渐升高，二者在72h和48h均高于12h（P〈0．05），红光组与蓝光组更为明显，与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。各波长组bFGF的质量浓度随着光照时间的延长在RPE细胞中的表达均逐渐降低，72h与12h时相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。RT—PCR结果显示，不同波长光照射后RPE细胞中HGFmRNA的表达水平不同，蓝光下培养的RPE细胞HGFmRNA表达量最少，白光组、红光组和蓝光组HGFmRNA的表达量（A490）与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。透射电子显微镜下红光组、白光组人胚RPE细胞与对照组相比超微结构均无明显变化，但蓝光组RPE细胞核染色质稀疏变淡，细胞器减少，细胞界膜不清或消失。结论不同波长的光照射可影响人RPE细胞的增生及其分泌HGF、bFGF和TGF—β的功能，提示近视的形成可能与不同波长的光相互作用有关。

Effects of different wave-length lights on proliferation and secretion of growth factors in human retinal pigment epithelium cells

Background The study of myopia development is always the hotspot worldwide. Recently,scientist found that some growth factor secreted by retinal nerve epithelium cells and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells are associated with the development of myopia. Whenever, the absorption of RPE cells to different wave-length lights is different. ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the effects of different wave-lengths lights on the proliferation of human RPE cells, and explore the influence of different wave-lengths lights on RPE cells secreting hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) ,basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Methods The fourth to fifth passages of human embryonic RPE cells were exposed to blue light( λ =480 nm),red light( λ =775 nm) and white light. The cells of control group were harvested in normal condition. The proliferation and growth of RPE cells were assayed by MTT,and the ultrastructure of cells was examined under the transmission electron microscopy at 48 hours after light exposure of RPE cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to determine the concentrations of HGF,bFGF and TGF-β in the culture medium in 12,24,48,72 hours. The expression of HGF mRNA in RPE cells was detected by RT-PCR. This study was approved by Ethic committee of Fudan University. Results The A490 values of the cells exposed to blue light,red light,white light and white light were 0. 0218±0. 0014 ;0. 0353±0. 0025 ;0. 0371 ±0. 0024 and 0. 0445 +0. 0046 respectively with the significant difference among 4 groups ( F =12. 579, P＜0.05 ), and A490 value in blue light group, red light group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( t =2.043 ; t =2.024, P＜0.05 ). ELISA showed that the concentrations of HGF and TGF-β in culture medium were evidently elevated as the prolongation of light exposure in various light exposure groups in 72 hours(HGF) and 48 hours(TGF-β) compared with 12 hours with a predominating rise in the control group. The statistically significant differences were found in the concentrations of HGF and TGF-β between control group and blue light group or red light group in the( all P＜0. 05 ). The bFGF level was decreased with the time increase of various light exposure with the significant differences in 72 hours compared with 12 hours( P＜0.05 ). RT-PCR revealed the considerable difference about expression of HGF mRNA in RPE cells among these four groups( P＜0. 05 ), and the lest expression in HGF mRNA was in the blue light group compared with control group( t =3. 972,P＜0.05 ). Thinning of the chromatin, decreasing of organelle and loss of cellular membrane were seen in the blue light group, but no obvious change of ultrastructure of human embryo RPE cells was found in the ret and white light groups. Conclusions The irradiation of different wave-length light can effect the growth and proliferation and secretion of HGF,bFGF and TGFβ in human RPE cells in vitro,implying myopia formation is associated to exposure of different wave-length light.