上海市中小学生近视视力不良率与出生季节之间的关系

目的调查出生季节在近视发展中的作用,了解近视视力不良率与出生季节之间的关系。方法于2009年间采用整群随机抽样方法对上海市长宁区、宝山区、嘉定区1-9年级(1-5年级为小学,6-9年级为中学)中小学生进行抽样调查。本调查共纳入4426人(其中男2539人,女1887人)。调查主要包括裸眼视力检查、裂隙灯检查、问卷调查等。若受检者视力达不到5.0,经裂隙灯检查后,检查小瞳电脑验光。视力不良分类标准:凡远视力≥5.0者为正常视力,<5.0者即为视力不良,其中4.9为轻度视力不良,4.6≤远视力≤4.8者为中度视力不良,远视力≤4.5者为重度视力不良。结果中学生的近视视力不良患病率(39.98%)高于小学生近视视力不良率32.87%(χ2=9.14,P=0.00)。小学生与中学生轻度、中度、重度视力不良率分别为18.50%、12.15%、2.22%与14.96%、19.95%、5.58%。出生在7月份的小学生近视视力不良的患病率最高(40.36%),出生在12月份近视视力不良患病率最低(25.76%,χ2=13.05,P=0.00),其余各出生月份之间差异均无显著统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。夏季的近视视力不良率(轻度、中度)均显示出比其他几个季节增高的趋势,但此视力不良率的增高差异无明显统计学意义。结论出生在7月份的小学生近视视力不良患病率最高,虽然目前机制仍然不清楚,我们认为可能与不同季节之间的光暴露时间有关。应找到更为有效的方法去阻止或者延缓近视的发展。

Relationship between prevalence of myopic poor vision and season of birth in pupils and students in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the possible roles of season of birth in the development of myopia and the relationship between them.Methods A total of 4 426 pupils and students(2 539 males,1 187 females) with 7 to 15 years old were examined with random sampling during 2009.All of them were from Changning district,Baoshan district,Jiading district with 1 to 9 grade(1 to 5 grade was primary school,6 to 9 grade was middle school).Data comprised visual acuity,slit lamp examination and questionnaire.If visual acuity w...