Engineering of Adipose Tissue by Injection of Human Preadipocytes in Fibrin |
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Authors: | Nestor Torio-Padron Niklas Baerlecken Arash Momeni G Bjoern Stark Joerg Borges |
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Institution: | Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany. nestorbo70@hotmail.com |
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Abstract: | Background Despite efforts of plastic surgeons in recent years to discover new alternatives, the techniques currently used for restoration
of soft tissue defects still have disadvantages. The gold standard for soft tissue reconstruction remains autologous pedicled/free
tissue transfer. This technique often results in high rates of operative morbidity and donor site deformity. Results obtained
by autologous fat tissue transfer usually are disappointing because of a high graft resorption rate with unpredictable outcomes.
Different tissue engineering approaches have been used in the past to generate adipose tissue. However, long-term results
in terms of volume persistence have been disappointing.
Methods In this study, different concentrations of undifferentiated human preadipocytes in fibrin were injected into athymic nude
mice (n = 8). Mice that had fibrin injection without cells served as control subjects (n = 8). The specimens were explanted
after 1, 2, 6, and 9 months, with subsequent qualitative and quantitative analysis of adipose tissue formation by histologic
and image analysis.
Results Within the first 4 weeks after initial volume reduction of the implants, the volume and shape of the implants with preadipocytes
remained stable. The implants without cells were completely resorbed within 3 weeks. Histologic analysis demonstrated generation
of stable adipose tissue with no signs of an inflammatory response or evidence of tissue necrosis in the implants containing
preadipocytes. The best results were obtained after implantation of 30 million preadipocytes. Adipose tissue formation was
not observed in the control group.
Conclusions The findings demonstrate that long-term stable adipose tissue can be engineered in vivo by simple injection of human preadipocytes using fibrin as a carrier material. After further investigation, this approach
may represent an alternative to the techniques currently used for soft tissue restoration.
Presented at the 36th Conference of the Association of German Plastic Surgeons (DGPRA) in Munich, Germany, September 2005,
and at the 8th Conference of the Association of French Aesthetic and Plastic Surgeons (SOFCEP) in Paris, France, June 2005 |
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Keywords: | Autologous pedicled/free tissue transfer Fibrin glue Human preadipocytes Soft tissue reconstruction Stable adipose tissue |
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