佛山市9～20岁中小学生视力不良状况及影响因素研究

目的 了解佛山市中小学生视力不良状况及主要影响因素,为预防中小学生近视提供科学依据。方法 于2020年11—12月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法从佛山市抽取三个行政区共11 725名中小学生进行调查,多因素logistic回归分析调查对象视力不良的影响因素。结果 佛山市中小学生视力不良检出人数为6 158人(52.5%)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,住校(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.00～1.28),电子屏幕使用时间>2 h/d (OR=1.44,95%CI:1.33～1.56),体力活动≤2 h/d(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.28～1.59),父母近视(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.62～1.91)为中小学生视力不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。读写时胸距桌距离一拳(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.53～0.63)为视力的保护因素。联合效应分析显示,体力活动>2 h/d 且电子屏幕时间≤2 h/d组中小学生视力不良风险最低(OR=0.40,95%CI:0.35～0.47)。结论 佛山市中小学生视力不良检出率较高。学校和家长应从运动、合理用眼等方面综合干预,加强青少年视力不良的防控。

Study on status and influencing factors of poor vision among primary and middle school students aged 9-20 years in Foshan City

Objective To understand the poor vision of primary and secondary school students in Foshan City and the main influencing factors, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention of myopia. Methods From November to December, 2020, 11 725 primary and middle school students from three administrative regions in Foshan City were selected by a multi-stage random sampling method and investigated for their poor vision. The data of the influencing factors of poor vision were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 6 158 primary and middle school students in Foshan City were found with poor vision (52.5%). The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that living in school (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.00 - 1.28), electronic screen time>2 h/d (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.33 - 1.56), physical activity ≤ 2 h/d (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.28 - 1.59), and parental myopia (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.62 - 1.91) were the risk factors for poor vision of primary and middle school students (P<0.05). The distance>10 cm between the chest and the table during reading and writing (OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.53 - 0.63) was the protective factor of vision. The combined effect analysis showed that the group of primary and middle school students with physical activity>2 h/d and electronic screen time ≤ 2 h/d had the lowest risk of poor vision (OR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.35 - 0.47). Conclusion The prevalence of poor vision of primary and secondary school students in Foshan City was higher. The school authorities and parents should comprehensively take intervention with sports and rational eye use to strengthen the prevention and control of poor vision among adolescents.