小肠移植新时期：成就与挑战并存

全肠外营养是肠衰竭的重要治疗方法，但是长期肠外营养会出现一系列严重并发症，严重威胁患者的生存。小肠移植为肠衰竭患者提供了新的治疗手段，不仅使患者恢复临床自主营养，同时避免发生肠外营养相关并发症。近年来，小肠移植免疫抑制剂不断发展应用，同时手术技术和术后管理取得明显进步，使患者术后短期生存率明显提高，小肠移植已成为肠衰竭患者的标准治疗方法。但小肠移植仍面临诸多挑战：免疫排斥反应的诊治、感染的防治、术后营养支持等仍是亟待解决的问题，严重影响患者长期预后。

A new era of small bowel transplantation：Both achievements and challenges

Total parenteral nutrition is an important treatment for intestinal failure，but long-term parenteral nutrition will lead to a series of serious complications，which seriously threaten the survival of patients. Small bowel transplantation provides a new treatment for patients with intestinal failure，which can not only restore clinical autonomic nutrition，but also avoid complications related to parenteral nutrition. In recent years，the development and application of immunosuppressants in small bowel transplantation，and the improvement of surgical techniques and postoperative management have significantly improved the short-term survival rate of patients. Small bowel transplantation has become the standard treatment for patients with intestinal failure. However，small bowel transplantation still faces many challenges：the diagnosis and treatment of immune rejection，prevention and treatment of infection，postoperative nutritional support are still urgent problems to be solved，which seriously affect the long-term prognosis of patients.