北京市房山区5岁以下儿童EV71疫苗接种影响因素分析

目的 了解房山区儿童家长对手足口病认知情况及接种EV71疫苗的影响因素,为手足口病的防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2018年12月—2019年4月从北京市房山区四家免疫预防接种门诊随机抽取180名1～5岁已接种EV71疫苗的儿童作为接种组,按照与接种组年龄、性别及居住地1:1匹配的原则抽取未接种EV71疫苗儿童180例,进行问卷调查。结果 本次调查共发放问卷360份,有效问卷327份,有效率为90.8%。接种组家长认为手足口病可以经水传播的人数比例(15.2%)高于未接种组(6.2%);接种组认为手足口病可经食物传播的人数比例(24.4%)高于未接种组(14.7%);接种组家长认为手足口病是不可避免的人数比例(11.0%)低于未接种组(22.1%)。多因素回归分析结果显示,孩子外出玩耍回家后是否洗手[OR=3.171(1.053,9.552)]及是否担心儿童患手足口病[OR=2.596(1.350,4.991)]为房山区儿童家长EV71疫苗是否接种的独立影响因素。结论 加强对5岁以下儿童家长手足手病相关知识的健康教育,尤其是手足口病传播途径及疫苗的认识程度,以提高EV71疫苗的接种率。

Analysis of influencing factors of EV71 vaccination among children under 5 years old in Fangshan District,Beijing

Objective To understand the cognition of children's parents on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and the influencing factors of EV71 vaccination in Fangshan District, so as to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Methods From December 2018 to April 2019, 180 children aged 1 - 5 years who had been vaccinated with EV71 vaccine were randomly selected from four immunization clinics in Fangshan District as the vaccination group. The non vaccinated group was selected from the non vaccinated children according to the principle of matching with the vaccination group's 1:1 age, gender and residence. There were 180 samples in the vaccination group and 180 samples in the non vaccinated group for a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed, 327 were effective, and the effective rate was 90.8%. The proportion of parents in the vaccination group who believed that HFMD could be transmitted by water (15.2%) was higher than that in the non vaccination group (6.2%); the proportion of people who believed that HFMD could be transmitted by food in the vaccination group (24.4%) was higher than that in the non vaccination group (14.7%); the proportion of parents in the vaccination group who believed that HFMD was inevitable (11.0%) was lower than that in the non vaccination group (22.1%). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that whether children washed their hands after going out to play and whether they were worried about children suffering from HFMD were the independent influencing factors of whether children's parents received EV71 vaccine in Fangshan District. Conclusion We should strengthen the health education of parents of children under 5 years old about HFMD, especially the understanding of the transmission route of HFMD and vaccine, so as to improve the vaccination rate of EV71 vaccine.