社会交往对老年人自评健康的影响分析:兼论心理资本的中介效应

  目的  分析社会交往对老年人健康的影响及心理资本在该过程中的中介效应。  方法  采用有序Probit回归模型分析社会交往因素对老年人自评健康的影响，采用Bootstrap法分析心理资本的中介效应。  结果  控制了个人特征变量后，社交程度（β=0.094，P<0.01）、亲戚社交（β=0.075，P<0.1）和朋友社交（β=0.049，P<0.01）对老年人的自评健康具有显著正向影响，但是邻居社交（β=?0.019，P>0.1）的影响并不显著；心理资本在社交程度、亲戚社交和朋友社交对老年人的自评健康影响过程中起着部分中介效应，其中介效应占比分别为15.84%、19.40%和11.23%。  结论  社会交往对老年人的自评健康具有促进作用，心理资本在该过程中起部分中介效应。应鼓励和支持老年人参与社会交往，并对其进行正面信息反馈，从而提升其心理资本水平，进而提升老年人的健康水平。

Effects of Social Interaction on Self-Rated Health of Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital

  Objective   To analyze the effect of social interaction on the self-rated health of older adults and the mediating effect played by psychological capital in the process.   Methods  The ordered probit regression model was used to analyze the impact of factors concerning social interaction on the self-rated health of the older adults, and the Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect of psychological capital.  Results  After controlling for variables of individual characteristics, active social interaction (β=0.094, P<0.01), social contact with relatives (β=0.075, P<0.1), and social contact with friends (β=0.049, P<0.01) have significant positive effects on the self-rated health of older adults, while social contact with neighbors (β=?0.019, P>0.1) did no display significant effect. Psychological capital plays a partial mediating effect on the influence of active social interaction, social contact with relatives, and social contact with friends on the self-rated health of older adults, with the mediating effect of psychological impact accounting for 15.84%, 19.40% and 11.23%, respectively, of the influence.  Conclusion  Social interaction promotes the self-rated health of older adults, and psychological capital plays a partial mediating effect in the process. Encouraging older adults to participate in social interaction and giving positive informational feedbacks can help increase the psychological capital of the elderly, thereby improving their health.