遭受校园欺凌经历对2152名医学生抑郁状态的影响

目的 了解医学生既往遭受校园欺凌情况对自身抑郁状态的影响,为防范校园欺凌事件的发生和促进医学生心理健康提供参考。方法 以分层整群抽样的方法,抽取齐齐哈尔医学院大一～大三共2 152名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果 898名学生处于抑郁状态,其中轻度抑郁的检出人数为670人(74.61%),中度抑郁的检出人数为209人(23.27%),重度抑郁的检出人数为19人(2.12%)。男女生抑郁检出率分别为46.6%和37.8%,不同的性别(Z=-3.55,P<0.001)、不同的年级(H=14.81,P=0.001)、不同学习成绩(H=22.31,P<0.001)、不同生活经历(H=14.02,P=0.003)、父母经常争吵(Z=-5.57,P<0.001)和离异(Z=-4.40,P<0.001)之间大学生抑郁情况检出率差异有统计学意义,其中大三年级学生抑郁的检出率为47.0%,学习成绩较差的学生抑郁检出率为52.8%,大学生既往住过托管机构的抑郁检出率为65.2%,父母经常争吵和离异情况下大学生抑郁检出率分别为54.5%、54.8%。800名学生在小学时遭受过校园欺凌(占总学生数的37.17%);578名学生在初高中学时有遭受过校园欺凌(占总学生数的26.86%);214名学生在大学时有遭受过校园欺凌(占总学生数的9.94%)。结果显示年级、父母争吵、父母离异、既往遭受欺凌均是医学生抑郁状态产生的危险因素(P<0.05);曾在小学、初高中及大学期间偶尔和经常遭受欺凌者均比未遭受欺凌者发生抑郁的危险性高(P均<0.01)。结论 既往遭受校园欺凌是后期医学生产生抑郁状态的重要危险因素,因此应该增加来自社会、家庭、学校和同伴的支持,降低校园欺凌的发生,进而减少医学生抑郁状态的产生,为其营造良好的身心健康发展的学习和生活环境。

Influence of previous school bullying experience on Depression in 2152 Students from a Medical University

Objective To understand the impact of previous campus bullying on depression of medical students, so as to provide references for preventing campus bullying and promoting the mental health of them. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 152 freshmen to junior students in Qiqihar Medical College selected by using the stratified cluster sampling method. Results Totally 898 students were in a state of depression, including 670 (74.61%) in mild depression, 209 (23.27%) in moderate depression, and 19 (2.12%) in severe depression. The detection rates of depression in male and female students were 46.6% and 37.8% respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rates of depression among college students of different genders (Z=-3.55, P<0.001), different grades (H=14.81, P=0.001), different academic achievements (H=22.31, P<0.001), different life experiences (H=14.02, P=0.003), different states of parents' frequent quarrels (Z=-5.57,P<0.001) and different states of parents' divorce (Z=-4.40, both P<0.001). Among them, the highest depression detection rate of junior students was 47.0%, the highest depression detection rate of students with poor academic performance was 52.8%, the highest depression detection rate of college students who had previously lived in trusteeship institutions was 65.2%, and the higher depression detection rates of college students when their parents often quarreled and had divorce were 54.5% and 54.8% respectively. Totally 800 students suffered from campus bullying in the primary school (37.17% of the total students); 578 students suffered from campus bullying in the junior and senior high school (26.86% of the total students); 214 students suffered from campus bullying in the college (9.94% of the total students). The investigation results showed that grade, parents' quarrel, parents' divorce and previous campus bullying were the risk factors of depression in medical students (P<0.05). The risk of depression was higher in those who were occasionally and frequently bullied in the primary school and the junior and senior high school and the college compared with those who were not bullied (all P<0.001). Conclusion Previous campus bullying is an important risk factor for medical students' depression in the later stage. Therefore, we should increase the support from society, family, school and peers to reduce the occurrence of campus bullying, so as to reduce the incidence of depression of medical students and create a good learning and living environment for their physical and mental health development.