2020年阳江市中小学生视力不良状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解2020年阳江市中小学生视力不良现况及影响因素,为相关部门在制定近视防控策略提供科学依据。方法 2020年9—10月,按照《2020年广东省学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作手册》中的规定,采用分层整群随机抽样方法在阳江市抽取1个城区(6所学校)、1个郊区(6所学校),共3 746名中小学生开展视力检测及学生视力不良影响因素专项调查。结果 阳江市中小学生视力不良检出率为62.73%。裸眼视力平均值右眼为(4.52±0.45),左眼为(4.46±0.44)。女生视力不良检出率(65.32%)高于男生(59.99%)(χ2=11.37,P<0.001);学段越高视力不良检出率越高(χ2=1 700,P<0.001);城市学生视力不良检出率(71.36%)高于农村(51.79%)(χ2=151.32,P<0.001);汉族学生视力不良检出率(62.42%)低于少数民族(79.71%)(χ2=8.67,P<0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析发现,农村、眼睛总是离书本1尺、课间户外休息、换座位频率1次/周是视力不良的保护因素(P<0.05)。女生、学段高、少数民族、过去一周平均每天做作业时间是≥2 h、在校不做眼保健操、过去一周每天用电脑时长2 h～2.9 h、每学期换座位1次均为视力不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 2020年阳江市中小学生视力状况欠佳,且影响因素涉及用眼状况、读写姿势、电子屏使用情况、户外活动等多方面。因此,保护学生视力需家庭、学校、社会的共同监督、共同努力。

Analysis of poor eyesight status and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in Yangjiang City in 2020

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Yangjiang City in 2020, so as to provide scientific evidences for relevant departments in formulating myopia prevention and control strategies. Methods From September to October 2020, according to the "2020 Guangdong Province students common diseases and health influencing factors monitoring and intervention manual", by using the stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 3 746 primary and secondary school students were selected from one urban area (6 schools) and one suburban area (6 schools) in Yangjiang City. These students were tested for their eyesight, and a special investigation on the influencing factors of poor eyesight was carried out. Results The detection rate of poor eyesight was 62.73%. The average uncorrected visual acuity was 4.52±0.45 in the right eye and 4.46±0.44 in the left eye. The detection rate of poor vision in girls (65.32%) was higher than that in boys (59.99%) (χ2=11.37, P<0.001). The older the age was (F=1852.81, P<0.001), the higher the academic stage was (χ2=1700, P<0.001). The detection rate of poor vision in the students in urban areas (71.36%) was higher than that in the students in rural areas (51.79%) (χ2=151.32, P<0.001). The detection rate of poor vision in the students of Han nationality (62.42%) was lower than that in the students of minority nationality (79.71%) (χ2=8.67, P<0.05). The above differences were statistically significant. The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that rural areas, eyes always 1 foot away from the book, outdoor rest between classes, and frequency of changing seats once a week were the protective factors of poor vision (P<0.05). The risk factors for poor eyesight were female students, higher learning period, ethnic minorities, average daily homework time in the past week ≥ 2 hours, not doing eye exercises in schools, and using computer for 2-2.9 hours a day in the past week (P<0.05). Conclusions In 2020, the eyesight of primary and middle school students in Yangjiang City is poor. Moreover, the influencing factors include eye use, reading and writing posture, use of electronic screen, outdoor activities and so on. Therefore, the protection of students' eyesight needs the joint supervision and joint efforts of family, school and society.