细胞因子类药物在眼科临床的应用进展

血管内皮生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子、神经生长因子、表皮生长因子、干扰素等细胞生长因子是调控细胞增殖、分化和再生的重要内源性蛋白。以上述生长因子等为靶点开发的生物药物，在老年性黄斑变性、角膜损伤、神经营养性角膜炎等眼部疾病的治疗中发挥了重要作用，相应药物陆续上市。抗血管内皮生长因子类药物可以控制血管内皮的增生，减轻视网膜组织的水肿和渗出，已经成为老年性黄斑变性和糖尿病视网膜病的主要治疗手段。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可促进角膜上皮细胞的增殖、分化和迁移，具有加速角膜损伤愈合，降低角膜炎症反应的作用，其中牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子已用于角膜损伤临床治疗。神经生长因子能促进中枢和外周神经元的生长、发育和分化，加快神经损伤的修复，用于神经营养性角膜炎的治疗，可促进角膜完全愈合。临床上，表皮生长因子衍生物滴眼液可用于角膜上皮损伤的治疗，重组人干扰素可用于眼部病毒性感染疾病的治疗。本文就细胞因子类药物在眼科疾病治疗及新药开发的研究进展进行综述，为拓展细胞因子在眼科临床的应用提供参考。

Progress on the application of growth factor-related drugs in ophthalmology

Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）, fibroblast growth factor（FGF）, nerve growth factor（NGF）, epidermal growth factor and interferon are important endogenous proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and regeneration. Biological products targeting growth factors are used in the treatment of ocular diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration, corneal injury and neurotrophic keratitis. Anti-VEGF drugs can regulate the proliferation of vascular endothelia, reduce the edema and exudation of retinal tissue，which are the main therapeutic agents for wet age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The basic FGF (b-FGF) can promote the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of corneal epithelial cells, accelerating the healing of the corneal injury and reduces corneal inflammation；and bovine b-FGF has been approved for the treatment of corneal injuries. The NGF promotes the growth, development, and differentiation of central and peripheral neurons, thus accelerating the repair of nerve damage；and the European Medicines Agency approved the use of nerve growth factor for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis in 2017. Recent clinical studies show that patients with moderate or severe neurotrophic keratitis achieved complete corneal healing following 8 weeks of NGF therapy. Epidermal growth factor derivative eye drops have been approved for the treatment of corneal epithelial injuries. Recombinant human interferon has been clinically used in the treatment of ocular viral infections. This article reviews the research progress in the development of new cell growth factor drugs for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, to provide insights for expanding the application of cell growth factors in ophthalmology.