某大型综合性医院甲状腺肿瘤住院病人流行病学特征分析

目的研究甲状腺肿瘤流行病学特征，为甲状腺肿瘤的预防和治疗提供参考。方法通过医院信息系统收集某大型综合性医院2015-2019年甲状腺肿瘤住院病人病例，采用回顾性病例研究方法对所收集病例的年龄、性别、居住地区、肿瘤类型、婚姻状况等信息进行分析。结果共收集7 663例病例，其中女6 192例，男1 471例，男女比例为1∶4.2。2015-2019年，女性病人的构成比始终大于男性。住院病人年龄6~103岁，40~60岁年龄段的住院病人占比最大，住院病人年龄趋于年轻化。未婚病人中男女比例为1∶2.5，已婚病人中男女比例为1∶4.3，离异病人中男女比例为1∶14，丧偶病人中男女比例为1∶3，不同婚姻状况病人的男女比例差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。农村病人5 841例（76.2%），城镇病人1 822例（23.8%），农村病人的构成比在5年期间持续增加。甲状腺恶性肿瘤住院病人和良性肿瘤住院病人所占比例分别为52.2%和47.8%，甲状腺恶性肿瘤住院病人构成比增长幅度较大。结论甲状腺肿瘤住院病人近年来趋于年轻化，女性病人高于男性病人，农村病人不同年份的构成比呈上升趋势，且甲状腺恶性肿瘤的检出率逐年升高。应进一步加强对农村地区甲状腺肿瘤的相关知识的宣传及普及，加大对高风险人群甲状腺肿瘤筛检的工作力度，以期降低甲状腺肿瘤的发病率，尽可能做到早发现、早治疗。

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of inpatients with thyroid tumors in a large general hospital

ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid tumors and provide references for the prevention and treatment of thyroid tumors.MethodsThe inpatient cases with thyroid tumors in a large general hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected through the hospital information system.The retrospective case study method was used to analyze the age, gender, residential area, tumor type, marital status and other information of the collected cases.ResultsA total of 7 663 patients were collected, including 6 192 female patients and 1 471 male patients, with the ratio of male to female 1:4.2.From 2015 to 2019, the proportion of female patients was always higher than that of male.The inpatients were 6-103 years old, the inpatients at 40-60 years old accounted for the largest proportion, and the age of inpatients tended to be younger.The ratio of male to female in unmarried patients was 1:2.5, which in married patients was 1:4.3, in divorced patients was 1:14, in widowed patients eas 1:3, and the difference of which was statistically significant among patients with different marital status(P < 0.01).There were 5 841 cases(76.2%) of rural patients and 1 822 cases(23.8%) of urban patients, and the composition ratio of rural patients continued to increase during the five-year period.The proportion of inpatients with malignant thyroid tumors and benign tumors accounted for 52.2% and 47.8%, respectively, and the proportion of inpatients with malignant thyroid tumors increased significantly.ConclusionsIn recent years, inpatients with thyroid tumors tend to be younger, female patients are more than male patients, the composition ratio of rural patients in different years is on the rise, and the detection rate of malignant thyroid tumors is increasing year by year.It is necessary to further strengthen the publicity and popularization of thyroid tumor-related knowledge in rural areas, and intensify the screening work of thyroid tumors in high-risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence rate of thyroid tumors and achieve early detection and early treatment as much as possible.