慢性低氧环境下微血管增生的生理机制及病理生理学特征

长期慢性低氧可通过多种机制促进微血管增生，其目的是增强血液与组织液的有效交换，保证氧输送，这是机体适应低氧环境的一种生理机制。但当机体遭受严重创伤、感染、缺氧等各种应激时，这种微血管增生可能伴有不利的角色，在疾病早期机体可能易发生低血容量性休克，随着疾病发展和不恰当的医疗干预，易发生毛细血管渗漏，出现器官及组织水肿，加重病情，此时，机体可能具有特殊的病理生理。本文阐述慢性低氧环境下微血管增生的生理机制，探讨其可能的病理生理临床特征，利于临床治疗的准确实施。

Physiological mechanism and pathophysiological characteristics of microangiogenesis in chronic hypoxia

Long-term chronic hypoxia can promote microangiogenesis through a variety of mechanisms to enhance the effective exchange of blood and tissue fluid and ensure oxygen transport, which is a physiological mechanism for the body to adapt to hypoxic environment. However, when the body suffers from various stresses such as severe trauma, infection, and hypoxia, microvascular hyperplasia may play adverse roles, and hypovolemic shock may occur in the early stage of the disease. With the development of the disease and inappropriate medical intervention, it is easy to develop capillary leakage and organ and tissue edema, thus aggravating the disease. At this time, the body may have special pathophysiology. This paper describes the physiological mechanism of microangiogenesis in chronic hypoxic environment and discusses its possible pathophysiological and clinical characteristics, which is beneficial to the accurate implementation of clinical treatment.