乳杆菌与龋病关系的研究进展

乳杆菌是最早发现的龋病相关微生物，具有产酸性、耐酸性及结合胶原蛋白和合成细胞外多糖促进细菌黏附的能力。部分乳杆菌可产生抗菌物质或代谢物、与致龋菌竞争黏附位点或共聚、调节致龋毒力相关基因表达，从而抑制致龋菌生长，因此近年来有研究将乳杆菌作为益生菌应用于龋病防控。但乳杆菌致龋机制尚不明确，特定“益生”乳杆菌对口腔和肠道微生态的潜在影响未知，尚需更多的研究结合乳杆菌的致龋性和益生性，综合评价其对口腔和全身健康和疾病的作用。本文旨在对近年来乳杆菌致龋性和防龋作用的相关研究进行综述，重点讨论乳杆菌在龋病发生发展与临床防控中的作用，为龋病的防控提供新的思路和参考。

Research Progress in the Relationship Between Lactobacillus and Dental Caries

Lactobacillus is the first microorganism found to be closely associated with dental caries. It demonstrates acidogenicity, aciduricity, and the ability to bind with collagen and to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides to promote bacterial adhesion. Some lactobacilli inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria by producing antibacterial compounds or metabolites, competing with cariogenic bacteria for adhesion sites or co-aggregation, or regulating the expression of genes related to cariogenic virulence. Therefore, researchers have, in recent years, experimented with applying Lactobacillus as probiotics in the prevention and control of caries. However, the cariogenic mechanism of Lactobacillus is still not fully understood, and the potential effects, presumably beneficial, of specific Lactobacillus on oral and intestinal microecology remain unknown. More research needs to be done to combine both the cariogenic and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus, and to comprehensively evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus on oral and systemic health. We, herein, summarized research progress in the cariogenicity and caries prevention effect of Lactobacillus, focusing on a discussion of the role of Lactobacillus in cariogenesis, the development of dental caries, and clinical prevention and control of dental caries, in order to provide new ideas and references for the prevention and control of dental caries.