经阴道取标本手术的演进与展望

经自然腔道手术（NOSES）是微创外科发展的重要里程碑，具有创伤小、易操作、恢复快的特点。阴道作为女性自然腔道，除了具有其特有的生理功能外，更是腹盆腔外科手术标本取出的天然优势通道。经阴道取标本手术作为NOSES手术重要组成部分，应用于女性患者，不仅可以减轻切口疼痛并改善美容效果，而且对术后快速康复具有重要意义。本文就经阴道取标本的手术历史、应用领域及发展现状进行综述，旨在为NOSES临床实践提供参考依据。

Evolution and prospect of transvaginal specimen extraction surgery

Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery（NOSES）is an important milestone in the development of minimally invasive surgery，which has the characteristics of less trauma，easy operation and quick recovery. As a natural female cavity，the vagina not only has its unique physiological function，but also is a natural advantage for abdominal and pelvic surgical specimens removal. As an important part of NOSES operation，transvaginal specimen extraction in female patients can not only reduce incision pain and improve cosmetic effect，but also play an important role in postoperative recovery. This article reviewed the history，application field and development of transvaginal specimen extraction，aiming to provide a reference for the NOSES clinical practice.