人类免疫缺陷病毒感染早期启动抗逆转录病毒治疗的意义

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者如在感染早期未及时诊断和治疗，HIV将在体内持续复制，损害免疫系统。目前，越来越多的指南建议HIV感染者应尽早启动抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART），尤其是急性HIV感染者。早发现并在感染早期开始ART可以限制病毒储存库的规模，改善免疫细胞功能。从社会层面而言，感染早期的患者通过启动ART达到病毒抑制状态，可以减少HIV的传播机会，降低获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的发病率，进而减少与AIDS相关的卫生支出。但HIV感染早期诊断及治疗存在个人因素和社会因素等方面的问题，阻碍了早期治疗的实施和开展。尽早启动ART，联合其他治疗策略，有可能真正实现功能性治愈。

Significance of initiating antiretroviral therapy in the early stage of HIV infection

A growing number of guidelines now recommend that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients should be given early antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially in acute HIV infection. ART during early infection can limit viral reservoirs and improve immune cell function. From a societal prospect, early-infected individuals who achieve a state of viral suppression through ART can reduce the chance of HIV transmission and reduce the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related disease burden. However, there are many problems in the early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, including personal and social factors, which hinder the implementation and development of early treatment. It is recommended that initiating ART in the early stage of HIV infection, combined with other treatment strategies, so as to achieve functional cure.