2018年石渠县学龄前儿童患龋率及其防治状况

目的调查甘孜州石渠县学龄前儿童患龋发生情况,为调整和制定当地口腔防治工作规划提供参考依据。方法2018-07,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,从石渠县农村和城市分别随机抽取1所城市幼儿园和2所农村幼儿园,由经过培训的执业医生和护士进行患龋及口腔填充情况进行全面检查,采用卡方检验、趋势卡方检验对数据进行统计分析。结果本次研究共调查460名学龄前儿童,患龋人数为297人,患龋率为64.57%。卡方趋势检验显示,6岁组及大班儿童患龋率最高(χ^2年龄=19.856,P<0.01;χ^2年级=19.628,P<0.01)。患龋牙齿数共1096颗,其中1度、2度、3度、4度和5度分别占34.03%、33.49%、13.87%、5.38%及13.23%,趋势卡方检验显示患龋严重程度随着年龄和年级的增加而升高(χ^2年龄=24.822,P<0.01;χ^2年级=14.527,P<0.01)。学龄前儿童口腔防治填充率为6.74%,其中接受窝沟封闭术4.57%,进行预防性树脂填充者2.17%。结论甘孜州石渠县学龄前儿童患龋水平高,口腔防治填充率低,需不断加强对该年龄儿童龋齿的三级预防,突出重点,以改善当地的高患龋情况。

Prevalence and Prevention Status of Dental Caries Among Preschool Children in Shiqu County of Ganzi Prefecture

Objective To investigate the dental caries prevalence rates among preschool children in Shiqu county of Ganzi Prefecture so as to provide reference for adjusting and making plans for dental caries prevention.Method A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 urban kindergarten from urban areas and 2 rural kindergartens from rural areas in Shiqu county.A thorough examination of dental caries and filling conditions was performed by professional dentists.Chi-square test and Chi-square trend test were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 460 preschoolers was surveyed.The number of preschool children with dental caries was 297,and the rate of dental caries was 64.57%.Chi-square trend test showed that children aged 6 years old and children in senior kindergarten had the highest rates of dental caries(χ^2 age=19.856,P<0.01;χ^2 class=19.628,P<0.01).A total of 1096 dental caries was detected;the first,second,third,fourth and fifth degrees of dental caries accounted for 34.03%,33.49%,13.87%,5.38%and 13.23%of the total dental caries,respectively.Chi-square trend test showed that the severity of dental caries increased as the age and grade increase(χ^2 age=24.822,P<0.01,χ^2 class=14.527,P<0.01).The rate of oral cavity filling in preschool children was 6.74%;4.57%of preschool children received pit and groove closure,and 2.17%of preschool children received preventive resin filling.Conclusion The dental caries level of preschool children is high in Shiqu county,and the filling rate of oral treatment is low.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously strengthen the tertiary prevention of dental caries for preschool children and highlight the key points aiming to decrease the local dental caries prevalence.