徐州市主城区成人居民健康相关行为现况及其与健康素养的关系分析

目的 了解徐州市主城区成人居民健康相关行为持有情况,探讨健康素养与健康相关行为的关系。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取徐州市10个县(市、区)15～69岁常住人口进行入户健康素养问卷调查、健康相关行为监测问卷观察和调查。选取徐州市主城区(泉山区、鼓楼区、云龙区、铜山)成人(年龄≥18岁)居民数据进行分析。结果 共1 438个有效样本。居民6个基本健康行为持有率分别为健康睡眠(93.95%)、指甲卫生(92.07%)、牙齿卫生(91.66%)、规律运动(60.71%)、健康体检(58.34%)、足量饮水(41.66%)。χ2检验显示,具备健康素养居民的4个基本健康行为持有率高于不具备健康素养居民(指甲卫生:χ2=26.099,P<0.001;足量饮水:χ2=16.360, P<0.001;健康体检:χ2=15.778,P<0.001;牙齿卫生:χ2=8.156,P<0.005)。秩和检验显示,具备健康素养居民持有正确的基本健康行为个数更多(Z=-6.383,P<0.001)。简单相关分析显示,健康素养得分与基本健康行为持有个数间存在正相关关系(r=0.234,P<0.001)。结论 徐州市主城区成人居民健康体检、足量饮水行为持有率在6个基本健康行为持有率中较低,健康素养对基本健康行为有积极影响,应不断提升徐州市居民健康素养水平,以促使居民建立有益于健康的行为和生活方式。

Health related behaviors of adult residents in the main urban area of Xuzhou City and their relationship with health literacy

Objective To understand the health-related behaviors of adult residents in the main urban area of Xuzhou City, and explore the relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors. Methods By using the multi-stage stratified sampling method, the permanent residents aged 15-69 years old in 10 districts/cities of Xuzhou City were selected for health literacy questionnaire survey and health-related behaviors observation and survey. The data of adult residents (aged≥18 years) in the main urban areas of Xuzhou (Quanshan District, Gulou District, Yunlong District and Tongshan District) were selected for analysis. Results A total of 1 438 valid samples were obtained. The rates of 6 basic healthy behaviors of residents were healthy sleep (93.95%), fingernail hygiene (92.07%), dental hygiene (91.66%), regular exercises (60.71%), physical examination (58.34%), and drinking enough water (41.66%). Chi-square test showed that the holding rates of the 4 basic healthy behaviors of residents with health literacy were higher than those of residents without health literacy (fingernail hygiene: χ2=26.099, P<0.001; drinking enough water: χ2=16.360, P<0.001; physical examination: χ2=15.778, P<0.001; dental hygiene: χ2=8.156, P<0.005). The rank sum test showed that the residents with health literacy hold more correct basic healthy behaviors (Z=-6.383, P<0.001). The simple correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the score of health literacy and the number of basic healthy behaviors (r=0.234, P<0.001). Conclusions The holding rates of physical examination and drinking enough water behavior of adult residents in the main urban area of Xuzhou City are lower among the six basic health behavior holding rates, and the health literacy has a positive impact on basic healthy behaviors. The health literacy level of Xuzhou residents should be continuously improved to promote the residents to establish health-beneficial behaviors and lifestyles.