食物不耐受在儿童生长发育迟缓中的回顾性分析

目的 回顾性分析食物不耐受在儿童生长发育迟缓中的发生情况。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年6月生长发育迟缓儿童143例作为病例组,健康体检儿童109例作为对照组。采用ELISA半定量间接法比较2组儿童血清中14种食物过敏原的特异性抗体IgG,采用SPSS 21.0进行相关统计学分析。结果 生长发育迟缓儿童中出现食物不耐受者125例,占87.4%,健康对照组中出现食物不耐受者61例,占60.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.647,P<0.001)。2组在食物不耐受种数上(1种、2种、3种、4种及以上)差异也有统计学意义(Z=-5.399,P<0.001)。2组儿童主要不耐受食物均为鸡蛋和牛奶,病例组中鸡蛋、牛奶、大麦三种食物不耐受阳性率高于对照组(69.2% vs.33.9%,P<0.001;66.4% vs.43.1%,P<0.001;13.3% vs.5.5%,P=0.041),并且这三种食物不耐受严重程度在2组中差异也有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。对年龄进行分层,发现0～3岁年龄组中,病例组食物不耐受总体阳性率高于对照组(83.7% vs.51.7%,P<0.001),主要集中在鸡蛋(62.2% vs.28.1%,P<0.001)和牛奶(67.3% vs.42.7%,P=0.001);3岁以上年龄组中,病例组整体食物不耐受阳性率高于对照组(95.6% vs.75.0%,P=0.042),然而14种食物不耐受在2组中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 食物不耐受在生长发育迟缓儿童中的发生率较高,食物不耐受检测可作为预防儿童生长发育迟缓的新途径。

Retrospective analysis of food intolerance in children with growth retardation

Objective To analyze retrospectively the occurrence of food intolerance in growth retardation of children. Methods A total of 143 children with growth retardation from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the case group and 109 healthy children as the control group. The specific IgG antibodies to 14 kinds of food allergens in the serum of the two groups were detected by semi-quantitative ELISA indirect method and the results were compared between the two groups by SPSS21.0 for statistical analysis. Results A total of 125 (87.4%) was observed with food intolerance in the case group, and 61 (60.0%) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=31.647, P<0.001). There were also significant differences in the number of food intolerance (1, 2, 3, 4 and more) between the two groups (Z=-5.399, P<0.001). Eggs and milk were the main intolerant food in the two groups, and the incidence of food intolerance of egg, milk and barley in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (69.2% vs. 33.9%, P<0.001; 66.4% vs. 43.1%, P<0.001; 13.3% vs. 5.5%, P=0.041), and there were also significant differences in the severity of the three food intolerances (all P<0.05). By age stratification, it was found that the occurrence of food intolerance in the case group was higher than that in the control group under the age of three (83.7% vs. 51.7%, P<0.001), including egg (62.2% vs. 28.1%, P<0.001) and milk (67.3% vs. 42.7%, P=0.001). In the age group over 3 years old, the overall positive rate of food intolerance in the case group was higher than that in the control group (95.6% vs.75.0%, P=0.042). However, there was no significant difference in 14 kinds of food intolerance between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The incidence of food intolerance is higher in children with growth retardation, and food intolerance detection can be used as a new way to prevent growth retardation.