New surgical approaches for urinary incontinence in women

Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent and common complaint. A large proportion of women with UI can be correctly diagnosed by their symptoms alone. First line of treatment should follow conservative route in a form of pelvic floor muscle training for stress UI and bladder training for the urgency UI. If conservative management is ineffective, medical and surgical treatment is the next considered. For the treatment of over-active bladder and urgency UI, intra-vesical injections of botulinum toxin A, utilising a flexible or rigid cystoscope has become an established treatment. An alternative to the use of onaBoNTA is sacral nerve stimulation (SNS).