Antibacterial activity of the roots,stems and leaves of Alchornea floribunda |
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Authors: | X. Siwe Noundou R.W.M. Krause S.F. van Vuuren D. Tantoh Ndinteh D.K. Olivier |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;2. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;3. Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;4. School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceAlchornea floribunda Müll. Arg. is used in traditional medicine across Africa for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of different plant parts in order to provide a scientific rationale for the proposed broad efficacy of Alchornea floribunda in the treatment of bacterial infections.Materials and methodsExtracts of roots, stems and leaves were prepared using solvents of various polarities in order to extract a wide range of phytochemicals. The antibacterial activity of these crude extracts was evaluated by micro-dilution assay, against Gram-positive (i.e. Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus) as well as Gram-negative (i.e. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Proteus mirabilis) bacteria.ResultsGenerally, the ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and chloroform (CHCl3) extracts demonstrated the best activities, with the leaves exhibiting the highest average activity for six of the eight pathogens. Of these, the ethanolic leaf extract was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 50 µg/mL. Some other notable activity was observed for the ethyl acetate and chloroform root extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (50 µg/mL), and for selected stem extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (50 µg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae (63 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (63 µg/mL).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the promising antibacterial activity of Alchornea floribunda against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary ailments, and validates its use in the ethnopharmacology of the region. |
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Keywords: | ATCC, American type culture collection CFU/ml, colony forming units/ml CHCl3, chloroform extract DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide EtOH, ethanol extract EtOAc, ethyl acetate extract HNC, Herbier National du Cameroun MeOH, methanol extract MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration INT, iodonitrotetrazolium chloride w/v, weight by volume IZD, inhibition zone diameter |
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