对上海市部分药品降价政策的评价

为了评价部分药品降价政策对实际药品总费用的影响，选择上海市1999年1月及5月两次部分药品降价政策进行分析。以抗生素作为指示药品。对两次降价前后各四个月的降价抗生素，参比抗生素以及总抗生素的费用，用量进行对比分析。结果证明尽管降价的抗生素品种的费用大约下降了6％－7％，但远远低于政策所预计的效果（20％）。而对未降价的参比抗生素和总的抗生素药品费用并无控制作用，反而上升了3％－18 ％。作建议今后在制宁药品降价政策时，尽可能扩大降价药品的范围和种类，对同类药品的全部品种同时降价才能收到政策的效果。

An evaluation on the policy of declining prices for partial pharmaceuticals in Shanghai

To evaluate the impacts of policy on declining price for partial pharmaceuticals, the study was conducted in Shanghai in January and May, 1999 by using before-after comparative study on expenditures and DDDs in four months between the items of antibiotics reduced price,reference antibiotics (not reduced price) and the total antibiotics.The results confirmed that the expenditures of antibiotics reduced price was declined around 6%-7%. It is much lower than that expected(20%).However, the policy of declining prices did not effect on the expenditures and DDDs in reference antibiotics and total antibiotics. They were increased up to 3%-18%. The authors suggested that in the future if conducting the policy of declining prices for pharmaceuticals, the categories and items of pharmaceuticals should be covered as wide as possible and declined the prices at the same time so as to avoid the cost shift between pharmaceuticals. The reasons of policy failure are also discussed in the paper.