Antimicrobial activity of mosquito cecropin peptides against Francisella |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN;2. Multidisciplinary Epidemiology and Translational Research in Intensive Care Study Group, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN;3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL;4. Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE |
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Abstract: | Francisella tularensis is the cause of the zoonotic disease tularemia. In Sweden and Scandinavia, epidemiological studies have implicated mosquitoes as a vector. Prior research has demonstrated the presence of Francisella DNA in infected mosquitoes but has not shown definitive transmission of tularemia from a mosquito to a mammalian host. We hypothesized that antimicrobial peptides, an important component of the innate immune system of higher organisms, may play a role in mosquito host-defense to Francisella. We established that Francisella sp. are susceptible to two cecropin antimicrobial peptides derived from the mosquito Aedes albopictus as well as Culex pipiens. We also demonstrated induced expression of Aedes albopictus antimicrobial peptide genes by Francisella infection C6/36 mosquito cell line. We demonstrate that mosquito antimicrobial peptides act against Francisella by disrupting the cellular membrane of the bacteria. Thus, it is possible that antimicrobial peptides may play a role in the inability of mosquitoes to establish an effective natural transmission of tularemia. |
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Keywords: | Tularemia Mosquitoes Antimicrobial peptides Innate immunity Depolarization half maximal effective concentration MIC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" minimum inhibitory concentration CFU" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" colony forming units RFU" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Relative fluorescence units 3, 3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide EtBr" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ethidium bromide MTT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide DMSO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0115" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" dimethyl sulfoxide |
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