The management and expression of pride: Age and gender effects across adolescence |
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| Institution: | 1. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States;2. Western Psychological Services, United States;3. St. Mary''s College of Maryland, United States;4. College of William & Mary, United States;5. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, United States;1. University of Jordan, Faculty of Nursing, Queen Rania Al Abdullah Street, Amman 11942, Jordan;2. Neurological Surgery Department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Presbyterian, Suite B-400, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;3. University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing Acute and Tertiary Care, 320B Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;4. University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 807 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;5. Acute and Tertiary Care Department, School of Nursing, Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 336 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;1. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;2. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;3. Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan;1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;2. CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Canada;3. School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;4. Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada;5. Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;7. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;8. Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Understanding of the role that positive emotions play in adolescent social development requires studying the normative development of these emotions. This research examined pride expression and management across adolescence, focusing on gender and developmental differences. Participants were 206 Caucasian youth (52.9% girls) in grades 5 (Mage = 11.10 years), 8 (Mage = 14.45), 11 (Mage = 17.26), and university (Mage = 19.61). Youth responded to two vignettes assessing reactions to pride-eliciting situations. Compared to boys, girls reported more intense pride experience and a higher likelihood of expressing pride. Increases across adolescence were found for self-efficacy in suppressing pride expression, and for expressing modesty in pride-eliciting situations. Older adolescents were less likely than younger adolescents to expect to receive a negative peer reaction when inhibiting pride. These results indicate the importance of gender-specific examinations of pride across adolescent development with implications for adaptive psychosocial functioning and positive psychology. |
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| Keywords: | Pride Emotion regulation Adolescence Gender Developmental differences |
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