生物大分子相分离及其药物靶向技术研究进展

近年来，生物大分子相分离得到了广泛关注和蓬勃发展。相分离也称生物分子凝聚物，通过形成无膜隔室，参与调节多种生理过程，包括基因表达、DNA损伤修复、信号转导、细胞稳态等。多价相互作用是驱动相分离发生的关键。相分离的失调会导致异常凝聚物和淀粉样蛋白的形成，从而引发多种人类疾病，如神经退行性疾病和癌症等。通过靶向生物分子凝聚物进行药物治疗是一种高效的疾病治疗手段，这表明相分离药物靶向技术具有广阔的应用价值。本文总结了相分离的研究基础，包括相分离的定义与发展历史、影响因素及与疾病发生的关系，介绍了相分离药物靶向技术领域的最新研究进展，并对相分离领域的研究现状进行了总结与展望。

Research progress in phase separation and drug targeting of biological macromolecules

In recent years, the phase separation of biological macromolecules has been widely concerned and developed vigorously. Phase separations, also known as biomolecular aggregates, are involved in regulating a variety of physiological processes, including gene expression, DNA damage repair, signal transduction, and cell homeostasis by forming membraneless compartments. Polyvalent interaction is the key to drive phase separation. Dysregulation of phase separation leads to the formation of abnormal aggregates and amyloid proteins, which are responsible for many human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Drug therapy by targeting biomolecular condensates is an efficient means of disease treatment, suggesting that phase separation drug targeting technology has broad application value in the field. This paper summarizes the research basis of phase separation, including the definition and development history of phase separation, influencing factors and the relationship with disease occurrence; introduces the latest research progress in the field of phase separation drug targeting technology; and prospects the research status of phase separation field.