紫草素的抗癌作用机制研究进展

紫草素是传统中药紫草中一种重要的活性成分。该研究从紫草素抑制细胞增殖和迁移,诱导细胞自噬、凋亡、坏死和细胞免疫等 5个方面,综述了其对白血病、肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌和宫颈癌等多种肿瘤的抗癌作用最新研究进展,这些机制主要包括:触发活性氧产生,诱导细胞周期阻滞、线粒体功能障碍和自噬,减少外泌体释放,激活抗肿瘤免疫,调节微小 RNA(microRNA,miRNA/miR)、促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶( MAPKs)等癌症相关信号通路以及转录因子表达,抑制糖代谢途径等。并进一步总结发现紫草素衍生物经过萘醌环或侧链修饰后,具有比紫草素更强的抗癌活性和更低的毒性等令人耳目一新的应用进展,该综述可以为紫草素及其衍生物抗癌作用机制的深入研究和临床开发利用提供依据。

Advances in research on the anticancer mechanism of shikonin

Shikonin is an essential active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb "Zicao". In this paper, the latest research advances in the anticancer effects of shikonin on leukemia, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and cervical cancer were reviewed from five aspects: inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, induction of autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis,and cellular immunity. These mechanisms mainly include: triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inducing cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy, reducing exosomes release, activating anti-tumor immunity, regulating cancer-related signaling pathways such as micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, miRNA/miR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore,it was found that shikonin derivatives with naphthoquinone ring or side chain modification had stronger anti-cancer activity and lowertoxicity than shikonin. This review could provide reference for further research on the anticancer mechanism and clinical developmentand utilization of shikonin and its derivatives.