超早产儿135例相关并发症临床分析

目的探讨超早产儿并发症的发生情况及干预措施，为降低其死亡率提供帮助。方法选择我院新生儿重症监护病房2008--2012年收治的超早产儿（胎龄〈28周），按出生体重分为〈1000g和1000～1499g两组，对两组早产儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果超早产儿产生的主要原因为胎膜早破、不明原因早产、多胎妊娠、前置胎盘伴出血等。所有超早产儿均有一种以上并发症，其中新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征112例（82．9％），窒息91例（67．4％），呼吸暂停72例（53．3％），肺炎61例（45．2％），败血症48例（35．6％），颅内出血35例（25．9％），动脉导管未闭29例（21．5％）。体重〈1000g组新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症及血糖紊乱发生率均高于体重1000～1499g组（P〈0．05）。本组超早产儿体重〈1000g68例，治愈率60．3％；1000～1499g67例，治愈率76．1％，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、重度窒息、重症感染是超早产儿死亡的主要原因。结论早发现并治疗并发症，早期干预，可降低超早产儿的死亡率，提高其生存质量。

Analysis of clinical date of 135 extremely premature infants with complications

Objective To analyse the data relating to complications among 135 extremely premature infants in order to improve their outcome. Methods The hospital data of 135 extremely premature infants from January 2008 to December 2012 were divided into two groups of 〈 1000 g and between 1000 g and 1499 g. Infant data included birthweight, gestation, sex, maternal complication, neonatal complication and outcome were recorded. This data was then statistically analysed. Results The major risk factors of birth in extremely premature infants were premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa with bleeding and unknown reasons. All hospitalized extremely premature infants had more than one complication, including neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 112 cases （82.9%）, asphyxia 91 cases （67.4%） , apnea 72 cases （53.3%）, pneumonia 61 cases （45.2%）, septicemia 48 cases （35.6%）, intracranial hemorrhage 35 cases （25.9%）, patent duetus arteriosus 29 cases （21.5%）. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and blood sugar disorder is correlated with birth weight. The survival rate was 76. 1% for babies between 1000 g to 1499 g and 60.3% for babies less than 1000 g. The main causes of death were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, severe asphyxia and severe infection. Conclusions It is speculated that the early identification of complications and the early intervention could reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life of extremely premature infants.