Occupational vs. non-occupational equestrians: Differences in demographics and injury patterns |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA;2. Department of Surgery, Division of Health Outcomes and Optimal Services, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;3. Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, University of Kentucky College of Medicine and UK Healthcare, 800 Rose Street, C207, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA;1. Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Centre, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, Section 6011, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark;2. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. The Danish Air Ambulance, Aarhus, Denmark;1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan;2. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Rosai Hospital, Wakayama, Japan;1. Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil;2. Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway;3. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil;4. Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil;5. Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 05403-010, Brazil;1. Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;2. The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Trauma Centre, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, 2051 Marengo Street, IPT, C5L100, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA;2. General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionNineteen million people participate in horseback riding activities in the US, and the horse industry employs more than 460,000 full-time workers. Emergency department data suggest young female amateurs and male professionals are most at risk of death from horse-related injuries. However, there has been no investigation into factors that may increase severe injury and mortality risk in these populations. This study investigates demographics and injury pattern differences between occupational and non-occupational horse-related injuries in the US.MethodsThe 2017 American College of Surgeons National Trauma Databank (ACS NTDB) was analyzed for horse-related injury using ICD 10 codes. Demographics, injury data, protective device use, and hospital procedures were analyzed. Occupational versus non-occupational injuries based on incident location (farm, sports, recreational, residential) were compared using ANOVA or Pearson's Chi-squared test.ResultsOf 3911 incidents, the most common injury mechanism was falling from the horse, but occupational and non-occupational farm injuries showed higher incidence of being struck by a horse. One-third required surgery. Upper extremity injuries were most common. Occupational injuries more often affected upper extremities of working age, minority males with commercial insurance. Non-occupational injuries most often affected heads of women at the extremes of age. Helmet use was higher in occupational, non-occupational sports, and non-occupational recreation injuries, and severe head injury incidence was decreased in these groups. Complications and discharge dispositions were not different across groups.ConclusionsIn the largest trauma center study to date, we have shown equine-related trauma to be common and affect a predictable demographic that may permit injury prevention initiatives. Helmets may reduce severe head injury, but the efficacy of protective clothing remains to be validated. |
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