儿童阑尾膀胱瘘二例并文献复习

目的 探讨儿童阑尾膀胱瘘的诊断和治疗经验,以提高对该病的诊疗水平.方法 总结我科2011年1月至2014年4月间收治的2例儿童阑尾膀胱瘘的临床资料;同时查阅1985年2月至2014年5月间国内外发表的关于儿童阑尾膀胱瘘的文献,具体检索华中科技大学同济医学院图书馆网页PUBMED、MEDLINE、BIOSIS Previews、EMBASE及The Cochrane Library等数据库,检索词为“Children/Pediatric appendicovesical fistula”;检索华中科技大学同济医学院图书馆网页中文期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学期刊文献数据库(CMCC)和万方医学等数据库,检索词为“儿童/小儿阑尾膀胱瘘”;对儿童阑尾膀胱瘘的发病情况、临床表现、诊治及预后进行分析.结果 我院收治的1例为9.5岁男性患儿,因右下腹壁脓肿外引流术后反复发热及泌尿系感染5个月入院,入院时B型超声提示膀胱底部局限性增厚,右下腹壁内低回声病灶(直径1.0 cm),诊断为脐尿管囊肿伴感染;另外1例为7.5岁男性患儿,因间断性阴茎疼痛伴肉眼血尿、气尿1个月住院,CT检查发现膀胱右前侧壁软组织包块并向膀胱壁外生长,术前误诊为膀胱肿瘤.2例患儿均接受了剖腹手术探查,术中诊断为阑尾膀胱瘘,并行阑尾及膀胱瘘口切除+膀胱修补术,病理提示慢性阑尾炎并阑尾膀胱瘘,术后7～10d痊愈后出院.复习国内外文献共获取儿童阑尾膀胱瘘病例11例,其中男8例,女3例,平均年龄10.5(1.0～17.0)岁.11例患儿中10例临床表现为间歇性尿急、尿频、排尿困难伴阴茎痛(其中2例有粪尿、气尿病史),1例表现为肠梗阻.11例患儿均行阑尾切除+膀胱瘘口切除+膀胱修补术(其中1例为腹腔镜手术),均痊愈出院.本院2例及文献复习11例阑尾膀胱瘘儿童的病程相对较长(平均为3.0个月),与无性别年龄差异的阑尾周围脓肿患儿术前病程(术前病程平均为5.12 d)相比,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患儿出院后均获随访,预后良好.结论 儿童阑尾膀胱瘘.临床少见,术前明确诊断困难,需结合患儿病史、体检以及辅助检查进行综合诊断,以减少漏诊及误诊率,除常规手术探查外,腹腔镜检查手术不失为儿童阑尾膀胱瘘诊治的一种好选择.

Management of appendicovesical fistula in children: case report and literature review

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment experiences of pediatric appendicovesical fistula (AVF).Methods The clinical data of two AVF children was analyzed retrospectively between January 2011 and April 2014.And the literature was reviewed between February 1985 and May 2014.The disease onset,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis were examined.Results One 9.5-year-old boy was admitted for repeated fever and urinary infection after drainage of abdominal abscess 5 months ago.Ultrasound revealed localized thickening at the bottom of bladder.Another 7.5-year-old boy was hospitalized with gross hematuria,urinary pain and pneamaturia for 1 month.Both underwent operations.The operative findings and postoperative pathological examination supported the diagnosis of AVF.The outcomes were satisfactory at the recent follow-up.Literature review retrieved 11 cases of pediatric AVF.There were 8 boys and 3 girls with an average age of 10.5 (1.0-17.0) years.Ten cases had intermittent urgency,urinary frequency,dysuria and penile pain (including 2 cases of pneamaturia and fecaluria) while another developed intestinal obstruction.These 13 AVF children had a longer course of disease than those of the same age and gender with appendiceal abscess.The postoperative follow-up period was uneventful.Conclusions Pediatric AVF is extremely rare and its preoperative diagnosis remains difficult.A definitive diagnosis is based upon history collecting,physical examination and imaging tests.Laparoscopic surgery is ideal for diagnosing and treating pediatric AVF except for routine exploratory operations.