危害行为风险评估和护理干预在流浪精神障碍患者中的应用

目的 探讨危害行为风险评估和护理干预对流浪精神障碍患者的应用效果。 方法将115例流浪精神障碍患者按住院号的单双数分为研究组和对照组,研究组58例实施危害行为风险评估和基于危害行为风险评估的护理干预,对照组57例实施常规护理干预。分别于干预前和干预3个月后比较2组WHO残疾评定量表Ⅱ(WHO-DAS Ⅱ)评分和观察危害行为发生情况。 结果 干预前,2组WHO-DASⅡ总分、各领域因子得分及危害行为发生率比较,差异无统计学意义;干预后,研究组的WHO-DASⅡ总分及理解与交流、自我照料、生活活动、社会参与的因子得分均低于对照组;研究组的吵架斗殴、吐痰、毁物、色情行为的发生率低于对照组。 结论 基于危害行为的风险评估和护理干预对流浪精神障碍患者的理解与交流、自我照料、生活活动、社会参与等领域的功能有改善作用,有利于防止患者发生危害行为。

Application of risk assessment on harmful behaviors and nursing intervention for homeless people with mental disorders

Objective To explore the effect of risk assessment on harmful behavior and nursing intervention for homeless people with mental disorders. Methods Totally 115 homeless people with mental disorders were randomly divided into a study group (n=58) and a control group (n=57). The study group was given nursing intervention based on the risk assessment of harmful behaviors, while the control group was provided with routine nursing. Before and after the three months' intervention, both groups were evaluated using World Health Organization disability rating scale II (WHO-DAS II) and observed the occurrence of harmful behaviors. Results Before the intervention, there was not significant differences between 2 groups in the total score and sub-scores of WHO-DAS II. After the intervention, the total score of WHO-DAS II and the sub-scores of understanding and communication, self care, life activity, social participation of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Before the intervention, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of harmful and risk behaviors between the two groups. However, after the intervention, the incidences of quarrel and brawl, spitting, property damaging and pornographic behaviors of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion The nursing intervention based on the risk assessment of harmful behaviors plays a role in improving their understanding and communication, self care, life activities and social participation, as well as preventing harmful behaviors.