中国部分地区孕产妇早孕检查状况及其影响因素

孕早期是胚胎完成各器官、系统、人体外形和四肢发育的关键时期。在孕早期进行检查(早孕检查)可有效地预防孕期合并症和死亡等不良妊娠结局1]。国外针对早孕检查开展了许多研究2～5],我国也重视早孕检查并进行了一些研究工作6～8]。研究发现,我国的早孕检查率从1971年到2003

The status of early prenatal checkup and associated factors among pregnant women in some areas in China

Objective To understand the changing pattern of early prenatal checkup and associated factors among pregnant women in some areas in China from 1994 to 2000. Methods Data were collected in 13 counties/cities covered by Perinatal Health Care Surveillance System which was part of the Sino-American cooperative project on neural tube defects prevention established in 1992. The study population consisted of 356 846 women who delivered single live births of at least 20 gestational weeks from 1994 through 2000. The Chi-square test was employed to test the differences of the proportion of women with early prenatal checkup between groups with different characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors associated with early prenatal checkup. Results The proportion of women with early prenatal checkup increased from 65.5 % in 1994 to 82.5 % in 1998, then decreased to 79.4 % in 2000. The proportion of women with early prenatal checkup was highest in southern urban areas (84.5%), then in northern rural areas (80.5 %), southern rural areas (75.1 %) and northern urban areas (72.9 %). It was higher among women aged 20-24 years (77.5 %) and 25-29 years (77.3 %) than among those aged 30-34 years (73.1 %) and 35 years or more (73.9 %), higher among women with at least junior high school educational attainment than among those with primary school educational attainment, higher among nulliparous women (77.4 %) than among multiparous ones (74.3 %). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the prenatal care checkup was associated with surveillance year,residence,maternal age, occupation, and parity. Conclusion The status of early prenatal checkup has been greatly improved in surveyed areas during the period from 1994 to 2000. However, obvious differences still existed between northern and southern areas, between urban and rural areas in northern China as well as between groups with other different characteristics. Steps should be taken to improve the utilization of early prenatal checkup among women with lower educational attainment, farmers as well as multiparous ones.